Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Public Health Nutr. 2023 Oct;26(10):2096-2107. doi: 10.1017/S1368980023001374. Epub 2023 Jul 14.
To develop a healthy diet for Ethiopian women closely resembling their current diet and taking fasting periods into account while tracking the cost difference.
Linear goal programming models were built for three scenarios (non-fasting, continuous fasting and intermittent fasting). Each model minimised a function of deviations from nutrient reference values for eleven nutrients (protein, Ca, Fe, Zn, folate, and the vitamins A, B, B, B, B, and B). The energy intake in optimised diets could only deviate 5 % from the current diet.
Five regions are included in the urban and rural areas of Ethiopia.
Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) were collected from 494 Ethiopian women of reproductive age from November to December 2019.
Women's mean energy intake was well above 2000 kcal across all socio-demographic subgroups. Compared to the current diet, the estimated intake of several food groups was considerably higher in the optimised modelled diets, that is, milk and dairy foods (396 . 30 g/d), nuts and seeds (20 . 1 g/d) and fruits (200 . 7 g/d). Except for Ca and vitamin B intake in the continuous fasting diet, the proposed diets provide an adequate intake of the targeted micronutrients. The proposed diets had a maximum cost of 120 Ethiopian birrs ($3·5) per d, twice the current diet's cost.
The modelled diets may be feasible for women of reproductive age as they are close to their current diets and fulfil their energy and nutrient demands. However, the costs may be a barrier to implementation.
制定一种接近埃塞俄比亚女性当前饮食的健康饮食方案，同时考虑禁食期，并跟踪成本差异。
为三种情景（非禁食、连续禁食和间歇性禁食）构建了线性目标规划模型。每个模型都将十一种营养素（蛋白质、钙、铁、锌、叶酸和维生素 A、B、B、B、B、B）的参考值偏差最小化。优化饮食中的能量摄入只能偏离当前饮食的 5%。
该研究包括埃塞俄比亚城市和农村的五个地区。
2019 年 11 月至 12 月，从 494 名育龄埃塞俄比亚女性中收集了两次非连续的 24 小时膳食回忆（24HDR）。
所有社会人口亚组的女性平均能量摄入量均远高于 2000 千卡。与当前饮食相比，优化模型饮食中几种食物组的估计摄入量要高得多，即牛奶和奶制品（396.30 克/天）、坚果和种子（20.1 克/天）和水果（200.7 克/天）。除了连续禁食饮食中的钙和维生素 B 摄入外，所建议的饮食提供了目标微量营养素的充足摄入。所建议的饮食的最高成本为每天 120 埃塞俄比亚比尔（3.5 美元），是当前饮食成本的两倍。
所建议的饮食方案对于育龄妇女来说可能是可行的，因为它们接近当前的饮食，满足了她们的能量和营养需求。然而，成本可能是实施的一个障碍。
