评估美国医学生对 LGBTQ 健康需求的态度和知识。
Assessing Medical Students' Attitudes and Knowledge Regarding LGBTQ Health Needs Across the United States.
机构信息
New York University, New York, NY, USA.
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
出版信息
J Prim Care Community Health. 2023 Jan-Dec;14:21501319231186729. doi: 10.1177/21501319231186729.
BACKGROUND
The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) community experiences health disparities. It is thus imperative that medical trainees receive training in the care of LGBTQ community. The objective of this study was to identify gaps in knowledge and comfort among medical school students in providing care for the LGBTQ community.
METHODS
An online survey was administered to medical students at 3 institutions in the United States from December 2020 to March 2021. Using a Likert scale, the survey assessed attitudes, comfort, and knowledge in providing care for the LGBTQ community. The survey included questions for each specific LGBTQ population. Results were quantified using descriptive and stratified analyses, and an exploratory factor analysis was used to calculate attitude summary measure (ASM) scores. A total knowledge score was calculated, with higher values indicating greater knowledge.
RESULTS
Among the 300 medical students who completed the survey, the majority were female (55.7%), White (54.7%), and heterosexual (64.3%). The majority of medical students felt comfortable (strongly agree/agree) participating in the care of lesbian (94.3%), gay (96.0%), and bisexual (96.3%) patients; this percentage dropped to 82.3% for non-binary and 71.3% for transgender patients. Only 27.0% of medical students reported confidence in their knowledge of health needs of transgender patients. LGBTQ self-identification, percent of core rotations completed in school, region of country, and friends and/or family who are part of the LGBTQ community were significantly associated with various ASM scores. Knowledge questions yielded high percentages of "neutral" responses, and medical students who identified as LGBTQ had significantly higher total knowledge scores.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the surveyed medical students feel comfortable and willing to provide care for LGBTQ persons. But, there is limited knowledge about specific LGBTQ health needs. More education and training in the needs of transgender and non-binary patients, in particular, is indicated.
背景
女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和疑问/变性者（LGBTQ）群体经历着健康差距。因此，医学实习生接受 LGBTQ 群体护理培训是当务之急。本研究的目的是确定医学生在为 LGBTQ 群体提供护理方面的知识和舒适度差距。
方法
2020 年 12 月至 2021 年 3 月，我们在美国的 3 所机构向医学生进行了在线调查。使用李克特量表，该调查评估了为 LGBTQ 群体提供护理的态度、舒适度和知识。调查包括针对每个特定 LGBTQ 群体的问题。结果使用描述性和分层分析进行量化，并使用探索性因素分析计算态度综合测量（ASM）分数。计算了总的知识分数，分数越高表示知识越多。
结果
在完成调查的 300 名医学生中，大多数是女性（55.7%）、白人（54.7%）和异性恋者（64.3%）。大多数医学生对参与女同性恋（94.3%）、男同性恋（96.0%）和双性恋（96.3%）患者的护理感到舒适（强烈同意/同意）；这一比例下降到非二元性别者的 82.3%和跨性别者的 71.3%。只有 27.0%的医学生表示对自己了解跨性别患者健康需求有信心。LGBTQ 自我认同、在学校完成的核心轮转百分比、所在国家的地区以及朋友和/或家人是否属于 LGBTQ 社区与各种 ASM 分数显著相关。知识问题得到了很高比例的“中立”回答，并且自我认同为 LGBTQ 的医学生的总知识得分显著更高。
结论
总的来说，接受调查的医学生对为 LGBTQ 人群提供护理感到舒适和愿意。但是，他们对特定的 LGBTQ 健康需求知之甚少。特别是，需要更多关于跨性别和非二元性别患者需求的教育和培训。
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