Behavioral Health and Recovery Studies, Public Health Institute, Oakland, California.
Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2023 Nov;84(6):832-841. doi: 10.15288/jsad.22-00307. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
Sober living houses (SLHs) are abstinence-based environments designed for individuals in recovery to live with others in recovery. Research shows that SLHs help some individuals maintain recovery and that certain SLH-related factors may be particularly protective. Here we assess how SLH housing and neighborhood characteristics are related to abstinence and psychiatric symptoms over time.
Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month data were collected from 557 SLH residents. Multilevel mixed models tested associations between house and neighborhood characteristics and individual-level percent days abstinent (PDA) and the number of psychiatric symptoms (measured with the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire [PDSQ]) as outcomes. Final models adjusted for sex, age, and race/ethnicity; ratings of house characteristics; and objective measurements of neighborhood-level exposures.
Both PDA and PDSQ improved significantly (s ≤ .05) over time in both unadjusted and adjusted models. More self-help groups and fewer alcohol outlets within one mile were significantly protective for PDA, whereas walkability was significantly related to worse PDA and PDSQ (s ≤ .05). For house-level factors, better ratings of house maintenance were related to significantly fewer psychiatric symptoms, whereas higher scores on SLH's safety measures and personal or residence identity were related to more psychiatric symptoms (s ≤ .05). No house-level factor was significantly related to PDA.
Neighborhood-level factors such as increased availability of self-help groups and fewer nearby alcohol outlets may increase abstinence among individuals living in SLHs. House-level factors related to better maintenance may also facilitate improved mental health.
sober living houses (SLHs) 是一种基于戒除的环境，专为康复中的个人设计，让他们与其他康复中的人一起生活。研究表明，SLHs 有助于一些人保持康复，并且某些与 SLH 相关的因素可能具有特别的保护作用。在这里，我们评估了 SLH 住房和邻里特征与随时间推移的戒断和精神症状之间的关系。
从 557 名 SLH 居民中收集了基线、6 个月和 12 个月的数据。多级混合模型测试了房屋和邻里特征与个体水平的戒断天数百分比 (PDA) 和精神症状数量（用精神诊断筛查问卷 [PDSQ] 测量）之间的关联，作为结果。最终模型调整了性别、年龄和种族/民族；房屋特征的评分；以及对邻里水平暴露的客观测量。
在未调整和调整模型中，PDA 和 PDSQ 在时间上都显著改善（s ≤.05）。一英里内有更多的自助团体和更少的酒类销售点与 PDA 显著相关，而可步行性与较差的 PDA 和 PDSQ 显著相关（s ≤.05）。对于房屋水平因素，房屋维护评分较高与精神症状显著减少相关，而 SLH 的安全措施和个人或居住身份评分较高与更多的精神症状相关（s ≤.05）。没有房屋水平因素与 PDA 显著相关。
邻里水平因素，如增加自助团体的可用性和减少附近的酒类销售点，可能会增加居住在 SLHs 中的个人的戒断率。与更好的维护相关的房屋水平因素也可能促进心理健康的改善。
