Medical Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Am J Perinatol. 2024 May;41(S 01):e2600-e2605. doi: 10.1055/a-2129-8773. Epub 2023 Jul 14.
Despite efforts to encourage breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in the Bronx remain suboptimal. Hospital restrictions and uncertainty surrounding the side effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) greatly impacted the mother-infant dyad during the postpartum hospitalization. Preliminary studies found an initial decrease in EBF, but lasting effects remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on birth hospitalization EBF rates among a high-risk urban patient population.
A retrospective chart review was conducted on all newborns admitted to the newborn nursery at an urban medical center between 2019 and 2021. Patients were separated into prepandemic and pandemic cohorts. Patient demographics, maternal comorbidities, length of stay, feeding method, and newborn characteristics, including status as high risk for hypoglycemia, were collected. EBF was defined as receiving only mother's milk during the birth hospitalization. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to examine the data.
A total of 630 prepandemic and 643 pandemic newborns were included. The cohorts did not differ in baseline maternal characteristics. Prepandemic newborns were less likely to be high risk (23.3 vs. 29.4%, = 0.01), more likely to see the hospital lactation consultant (53.2 vs. 24.0%, < 0.001), and had a longer average length of stay (63.4 vs. 54.5 hours, < 0.001). Most infants in both cohorts received some breastmilk during the hospitalization (97.6 vs. 94.6%, not significant). There was no difference in EBF between cohorts among all newborns (9.5 vs. 11.4%, = 0.29) or among nonhigh-risk newborns (12.2 vs. 15.0%, = 0.22).
EBF rates in the Bronx, NY did not change during the pandemic period, despite an increase in high-risk newborns. Further investigation into the effect of lactation consultation, maternal race, ethnicity, and primary language should be further explored to understand the implications of health care disparities on the mother-infant dyad.
· The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of the mother-infant dyad.. · EBF rates at an urban institution in the Bronx did not change during the COVID-19 pandemic.. · Further investigation is warranted to better understand the barriers to EBF in this population..
尽管人们努力鼓励母乳喂养，但布朗克斯的纯母乳喂养（EBF）率仍不理想。医院的限制以及对 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）副作用的不确定性极大地影响了产后住院期间母婴二人组。初步研究发现 EBF 最初有所下降，但持续的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查 COVID-19 大流行对高危城市患者人群产后住院 EBF 率的影响。
对 2019 年至 2021 年间在城市医疗中心新生儿病房住院的所有新生儿进行回顾性图表审查。将患者分为大流行前和大流行后两组。收集患者人口统计学资料、产妇合并症、住院时间、喂养方式以及新生儿特征，包括低血糖高危情况。纯母乳喂养定义为在分娩住院期间仅接受母亲的乳汁。使用描述性统计和双变量分析来检查数据。
共有 630 名大流行前和 643 名大流行后新生儿被纳入研究。两组在基线产妇特征方面没有差异。大流行前的新生儿低血糖高危的可能性较低（23.3%比 29.4%， = 0.01），更有可能看到医院的哺乳顾问（53.2%比 24.0%， < 0.001），平均住院时间更长（63.4 比 54.5 小时， < 0.001）。两个队列中的大多数婴儿在住院期间都接受了一些母乳（97.6%比 94.6%，无显著性差异）。在所有新生儿中（9.5%比 11.4%， = 0.29）或非高危新生儿中（12.2%比 15.0%， = 0.22），两组之间的 EBF 率没有差异。
尽管高危新生儿数量增加，但纽约州布朗克斯的 EBF 率在大流行期间并未发生变化。应进一步调查哺乳咨询、产妇种族、民族和主要语言的影响，以了解医疗保健差异对母婴二人组的影响。
· COVID-19 大流行扰乱了母婴二人组的许多方面。· 布朗克斯市一家城市机构的 EBF 率在 COVID-19 大流行期间没有变化。· 需要进一步调查，以更好地了解该人群中 EBF 的障碍。
