J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Jul 14;261(10):1488-1494. doi: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0226. Print 2023 Oct 1.
To characterize the epidemiologic features of rabbits with retrobulbar abscesses, including the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
21 client-owned rabbits.
The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched from 2011 to 2022 for records of rabbits diagnosed with retrobulbar abscesses by CT. Data reviewed included age, breed, presenting complaint, association with an odontogenic infection, aerobic and anaerobic culture results, treatment, and outcome.
The primary presenting complaint was exophthalmos (19/21 [90%]). Most cases (15/21 [71%]) were associated with an odontogenic infection. Dental disease, not associated with a retrobulbar abscess (14/21 [67%]), was a common comorbidity on CT. The most common aerobic and anaerobic isolates were Streptococcus intermedius (5/12 [42%]) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (2/12 [17%]), respectively. Surgical treatment combined with long-term systemic antibiotic therapy was performed in 9 of 21 (43%) cases. It included intraoral tooth extraction (4/9 [44%]) versus extraoral peribulbar abscess lancing with either abscess packing with antibiotic-soaked gauze (3/9 [33%]) or surgical abscess debridement (2/9 [22%]). Resolution of the clinical signs with no recurrence for at least 6 months occurred in 7 of 9 (78%) surgically treated cases. Medical treatment with long-term systemic antibiotic therapy was performed in 4 of 21 (19%) cases, and 3 of 4 (75%) resolved. Due to poor prognosis or financial concerns, euthanasia was performed or recommended in 8 of 21 (38%) cases.
On the basis of the data from this study, retrobulbar abscesses in rabbits carry a guarded prognosis. When intraoral and extraoral surgical treatment options combined with systemic antibiotic therapy were used, it resolved clinical disease in most cases.
描述兔眼眶脓肿的流行病学特征，包括临床症状、诊断、治疗和结果。
21 只患畜兔。
检索一家兽医教学医院的病历数据库，以查找 2011 年至 2022 年期间通过 CT 诊断为眼眶脓肿的兔的记录。回顾的数据包括年龄、品种、主诉、与牙源性感染的关系、需氧和厌氧培养结果、治疗和结果。
主要的主诉是眼球突出（19/21 [90%]）。大多数病例（15/21 [71%]）与牙源性感染有关。在 CT 上，与眼眶脓肿无关的牙科疾病（14/21 [67%]）是一种常见的共患病。最常见的需氧和厌氧分离株分别为中间链球菌（5/12 [42%]）和核梭杆菌（2/12 [17%]）。21 例中有 9 例（43%）采用手术治疗联合长期全身抗生素治疗。其中包括口腔内拔牙（4/9 [44%]）与眶外周围脓肿切开引流加抗生素浸泡纱布填塞（3/9 [33%]）或脓肿清创术（2/9 [22%]）。9 例手术治疗的病例中，有 7 例（78%）临床症状缓解且至少 6 个月无复发。21 例中有 4 例（19%）采用长期全身抗生素治疗的药物治疗，3 例（75%）得到缓解。由于预后不佳或经济原因，8 例（38%）患兔实施了安乐死或建议安乐死。
根据本研究的数据，兔眼眶脓肿的预后不佳。当采用口腔内和口腔外手术治疗选择并联合全身抗生素治疗时，大多数病例的临床疾病得到缓解。
