Levy Ivana, Mans Christoph
Department of Surgical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024 Mar 8;262(5):658-664. doi: 10.2460/javma.23.12.0718. Print 2024 May 1.
To characterize the epidemiologic features of rabbits with odontogenic abscesses.
72 client-owned rabbits.
The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched to identify rabbits with odontogenic abscesses characterized by a palpable facial mass and confirmed via CT scan. Data reviewed included age, breed, presenting complaint, abscess location, bacterial culture results, treatment, and outcome.
Lop-eared rabbits were the most common breeds affected (20/72 [28%]), and mini lop rabbits were significantly overrepresented. The mandibular quadrants were more frequently affected (65/92 [71%]), and osteomyelitis was a common comorbidity on CT (53/72 [74%]). The most common aerobic and anaerobic isolates were Streptococcus spp (17/40 [43%]) and Fusobacterium spp (10/22 [45%]), respectively. Systemic antibiotic therapy alone was performed in 35 of 62 (56%) treated cases, with documented resolution in 25%. Abscess packing with antibiotic-soaked gauze in conjunction with systemic antibiotic therapy was performed in 20 of 62 (32%) treated cases. Resolution of the odontogenic abscesses with this treatment protocol was documented in 17 of 20 (85%) cases. The number of packing procedures used to obtain resolution of infection was 4 (IQR, 3 to 5).
A combination of the abscess-packing technique, which avoids extensive surgery and extraction of the involved elodont teeth, with systemic antibiotic therapy can be an effective treatment option for rabbits with palpable odontogenic abscesses and can result in a high cure rate comparable to more invasive surgical treatments. Antibiotic treatment alone is not recommended, as it has a low chance of abscess resolution.
描述患有牙源性脓肿兔子的流行病学特征。
72只客户拥有的兔子。
检索一家兽医教学医院的病历数据库，以识别患有牙源性脓肿的兔子，其特征为可触及的面部肿块，并经CT扫描确诊。审查的数据包括年龄、品种、就诊主诉、脓肿位置、细菌培养结果、治疗方法及预后。
垂耳兔是受影响最常见的品种（20/72 [28%]），迷你垂耳兔的占比显著过高。下颌象限更常受到影响（65/92 [71%]），骨髓炎是CT检查中常见的合并症（53/72 [74%]）。最常见的需氧菌和厌氧菌分离株分别是链球菌属（17/40 [43%]）和梭杆菌属（10/22 [45%]）。62例接受治疗的病例中，35例（56%）仅进行了全身抗生素治疗，其中有记录显示脓肿消退的占25%。62例接受治疗的病例中，20例（32%）采用了用浸有抗生素的纱布填塞脓肿并结合全身抗生素治疗的方法。采用该治疗方案，20例病例中有17例（85%）牙源性脓肿消退。用于实现感染消退的填塞程序次数为4次（四分位距，3至5次）。
脓肿填塞技术结合全身抗生素治疗，可避免广泛手术和拔除受累恒牙，对于有可触及牙源性脓肿的兔子是一种有效的治疗选择，治愈率高，可与更具侵入性的手术治疗相媲美。不建议仅使用抗生素治疗，因为脓肿消退的几率较低。
