Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2023 Aug;98:106523. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106523. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
Ultrasound is a green nonthermal technology with promising applications in microbial inactivation. Electrolyzed water has been investigated and found to have a synergistic inactivation effect of ultrasound on spores. This study used a data-independent-acquisition method to analyze the stress response of Bacillus cereus spores following ultrasound combined with electrolyzed water treatment. We identified 197 differentially expressed proteins under ultrasound combined with an electrolyzed water treatment for which the ratio in the metabolic pathway was the highest. Spores downregulated key proteins in energy metabolic and transportation pathways, in particular in phosphotransferase systems and ATP synthase under ultrasound, electrolyzed water, and combined stress. The results of this study revealed that the key proteins in intracellular metabolism decreased after ultrasound treatment, and the expression of small acid-soluble spore protein and cell wall biosynthesis protein increased. Meanwhile, DNA integration, recombination, and inversion protein and small acid-soluble spore protein were upregulated after electrolyzed water treatment. In general, the spores exhibited stress resistance under external stress. The inactivation of spores by further stress was reduced, which we called "cross-protection."
超声是一种绿色非热技术，在微生物失活方面有广泛的应用前景。电解水已被研究并发现对超声孢子的灭活具有协同作用。本研究采用数据非依赖性采集方法分析了超声联合电解水处理对蜡状芽孢杆菌孢子的应激反应。我们鉴定了 197 种差异表达蛋白，其中代谢途径的比例最高。在超声、电解水和联合胁迫下，孢子下调了能量代谢和运输途径中的关键蛋白，特别是磷酸转移酶系统和 ATP 合酶。本研究结果表明，超声处理后细胞内代谢的关键蛋白减少，小酸溶性孢子蛋白和细胞壁生物合成蛋白的表达增加。同时，电解水处理后 DNA 整合、重组和反转蛋白和小酸溶性孢子蛋白上调。一般来说，孢子在外部应激下表现出应激抗性。孢子对进一步应激的失活减少，我们称之为“交叉保护”。
