Lobelle Delphine, Shen Li, van Huet Bas, van Emmerik Tim, Kaandorp Mikael, Iattoni Giulia, Baldé Cornelius Peter, Lavender Law Kara, van Sebille Erik
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Fugro, Leidschendam, The Netherlands.
Waste Manag Res. 2024 Jan;42(1):27-40. doi: 10.1177/0734242X231180863. Epub 2023 Jul 16.
Plastic entering the environment is a growing threat for ecosystems. We estimate the annual mass of known Dutch plastic waste generated and littered and where it ends up. We use two methods: (1) a material flow analysis of plastic waste separately collected from 13 economic sectors (including households, industry and imports) and estimate the amount sent to processing plants or exported and (2) a mismanagement model from observations of litter (on Dutch beaches and riverbanks) plus estimates of inadequately managed exported plastic scraps entering the environment abroad. In 2017 (the most recent complete data set available), an estimate of 1990 (±111) kilotonnes [kt] of plastic waste was separately collected. The top three plastic waste generating sectors (74% of the total) were households, clothing and textiles, and importation. Our mismanagement model estimates that 4.3-21.2 kt enters the environment annually; almost all of which occurs in foreign countries after inadequate management of imported Dutch waste. We highlight unknowns, including the source and/or destination of imported (623 kt) and exported (514 kt) plastics, plastics in non-household mixed waste streams and the plastic fraction of some separately collected waste, for example, e-waste. Our results stress the need for improved monitoring and reporting of plastic waste. Beyond the Netherlands, our recommendations could also help other high-income countries' decision-makers reach their circular economy goals.
进入环境的塑料对生态系统构成了日益严重的威胁。我们估算了荷兰已知的每年产生并散落的塑料垃圾量及其最终去向。我们采用了两种方法：（1）对从13个经济部门（包括家庭、工业和进口）分别收集的塑料垃圾进行物质流分析，并估算送往加工厂或出口的量；（2）根据对垃圾（荷兰海滩和河岸上的垃圾）的观察以及对国外进入环境的管理不善的出口塑料碎片的估算建立一个管理不善模型。2017年（可获取的最新完整数据集），估计分别收集了1990（±111）千吨塑料垃圾。产生塑料垃圾最多的三个部门（占总量的74%）是家庭、服装和纺织品以及进口。我们的管理不善模型估计，每年有4.3 - 21.2千吨进入环境；几乎所有这些都是在荷兰进口垃圾管理不善后在国外发生的。我们强调了一些未知因素，包括进口（623千吨）和出口（514千吨）塑料件的来源和/或去向、非家庭混合废物流中的塑料以及一些分别收集的垃圾（如电子垃圾）中的塑料成分。我们的结果强调了改进塑料垃圾监测和报告的必要性。除荷兰外，我们的建议也可以帮助其他高收入国家的决策者实现其循环经济目标。
