Yang Feng, Shi Wenli, Meng Na, Zhao Yiyu, Ding Xuezhi, Li Qinfan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jun 29;14:1190790. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1190790. eCollection 2023.
Staphylococci, mainly including and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), are one of the most common pathogens causing bovine mastitis worldwide. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion combined with -test method. Genes of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors were determined by PCR. A total of 332 staphylococcal isolates were confirmed from 1,519 mastitic milk samples, including 172 and 160 CNS isolates. Fifteen CNS species were identified, with being the most frequent found (49.4%), followed by (13.8%). Noticeably, 2 isolates were found among the CNS isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the presence of from bovine mastitis in China. The and CNS isolates showed high resistance against penicillin, followed by erythromycin and tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was found in 11.6 and 16.3% of the and CNS isolates, respectively. Resistance to penicillin was attributed to the presence of Z, erythromycin resistance to (alone or combined with ) and tetracycline resistance to K (alone or combined with ). Notably, one isolate and one isolate were both methicillin-resistant and positive. Additionally, all isolates carried the adhesin genes , , , and , and most of them contained and . Conversely, only a few of the CNS isolates carried A, , and A. Regarding toxin genes, all isolates harbored , and most of them were positive. The -, , , , , , , , , , and were also detected with low frequencies. However, no toxin genes were observed in CNS isolates. This study reveals high species diversity of staphylococci from clinical bovine mastitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. The findings for the genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor provide valuable information for control and prevention of staphylococcal bovine mastitis.
葡萄球菌,主要包括金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS),是全球引起牛乳腺炎最常见的病原体之一。在本研究中,我们调查了中国宁夏回族自治区临床牛乳腺炎中葡萄球菌的抗菌耐药性和毒力特征。采用纸片扩散法结合肉汤稀释法测定抗菌耐药性。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测抗菌耐药基因和毒力因子基因。从1519份患乳腺炎乳样中总共鉴定出332株葡萄球菌分离株,其中包括172株金黄色葡萄球菌和160株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株。鉴定出15种凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,其中表皮葡萄球菌最为常见(49.4%),其次是溶血葡萄球菌(13.8%)。值得注意的是,在凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株中发现了2株路邓葡萄球菌。据我们所知,这是中国首次报道牛乳腺炎中路邓葡萄球菌的存在。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株对青霉素表现出高度耐药性,其次是红霉素和四环素。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株中分别有11.6%和16.3%发现多重耐药。对青霉素的耐药归因于Z基因的存在,对红霉素的耐药归因于erm(A)(单独或与erm(C)组合),对四环素的耐药归因于tet(K)(单独或与tet(L)组合)。值得注意的是,1株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株和1株路邓葡萄球菌分离株均耐甲氧西林且mecA阳性。此外,所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离株均携带黏附素基因fnbA、fnbB、clfA和clfB,且大多数含有ebpS和bbp。相反,只有少数凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株携带Aap、embp和Bap。关于毒素基因,所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离株均携带hlb,且大多数hlb阳性。还检测到低频率的hld、lukS-PV、lukF-PV、eta、etb、etx、seb、sec、sed、see和seg。然而,在凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株中未观察到毒素基因。本研究揭示了中国宁夏回族自治区临床牛乳腺炎中葡萄球菌的高度物种多样性。抗菌耐药性和毒力因子遗传决定因素的研究结果为控制和预防葡萄球菌性牛乳腺炎提供了有价值的信息。