Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Anal Methods. 2023 Jul 27;15(29):3577-3585. doi: 10.1039/d3ay00702b.
The early detection of cancer is a key step in cancer survival. Thus, there is a need to develop low-cost technologies, such as electrochemical immunosensor technologies, for timely screening and diagnostics. The discovery of alpha-feto protein (AFP) as a tumour-associated antigen lends AFP as a biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring. Thus, immunosensors can be developed to target AFP in cancer diagnostics. Hence, we report the application of a hybrid nanocomposite of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) as a platform for the electrochemical immunosensing of cancer biomarkers. The hybrid carbon-metal nanomaterials were immobilised by using the drop-drying and electrodeposition technique on a glassy carbon electrode, followed by the immobilisation of the anti-AFP to fabricate an immunosensor. The nanoparticles were characterised with electron microscopy, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) and EIS were used to study the immunosensor signal toward the bio-recognition of the AFP cancer biomarker. The hybrid nanoparticles enhanced the immunosensor performance. A linear detection range from 0.005 to 1000 ng mL with low detection limits of 0.0039 ng mL and 0.0131 ng mL were calculated for SWV and EIS, respectively. The immunosensor demonstrated good stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Its real-life application potential was tested with detection in human serum matrix.
癌症的早期检测是癌症生存的关键步骤。因此，需要开发低成本技术，如电化学免疫传感器技术，以便及时进行筛选和诊断。甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为肿瘤相关抗原的发现使 AFP 成为癌症检测和监测的生物标志物。因此，可以开发免疫传感器来针对癌症诊断中的 AFP。因此，我们报告了将碳黑纳米粒子（CBNPs）和钯纳米粒子（PdNPs）的混合纳米复合材料应用于电化学免疫传感癌症生物标志物的情况。通过使用滴涂和电沉积技术将混合碳金属纳米材料固定在玻碳电极上，然后固定抗 AFP 以制备免疫传感器。使用电子显微镜、伏安法和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对纳米粒子进行了表征。使用方波伏安法（SWV）和 EIS 研究了免疫传感器信号对 AFP 癌症生物标志物的生物识别。混合纳米粒子增强了免疫传感器的性能。SWV 和 EIS 的线性检测范围分别为 0.005 至 1000ng mL，检测限分别为 0.0039ng mL 和 0.0131ng mL。该免疫传感器表现出良好的稳定性、重现性和选择性。通过在人血清基质中进行检测，测试了其实际应用潜力。
