Lai Huiying, Huang Rongfu, Weng Xin, Huang Baoshan, Yao Jianfeng, Pian Yaya
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, PR China.
Heliyon. 2024 May 31;10(11):e32314. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32314. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
With the rapid development of clinical diagnosis and treatment, many traditional and conventional diagnosis technologies are unable to meet the demands of clinical medicine development. In this situation, nanomaterials are rapidly developing and widely used in the field of diagnosis. Nanomaterials have distinct size-dependent physical or chemical properties, and their optical, magnetic, electrical, thermal, and biological properties can be modulated at the nanoscale by changing their size, shape, chemical composition, and surface functional groups, particularly because they have a larger specific surface area than macromaterials. They provide an amount of space to modify different molecules on their surface, allowing them to detect small substances, nucleic acids, proteins, and microorganisms. Combining nanomaterials with diagnosis is expected to result in lower detection limits, higher sensitivity, and stronger selectivity. In this review, we will discuss the classfication and properties of some common nanomaterials, as well as their applications in protein, nucleic acids, and other aspect detection and analysis for diagnosis, especially on aging-related nanodiagnostics. Finally, it is summarized with guidelines for diagnosis.
随着临床诊断与治疗的快速发展，许多传统的诊断技术已无法满足临床医学发展的需求。在此情形下，纳米材料迅速发展并在诊断领域得到广泛应用。纳米材料具有独特的尺寸依赖性物理或化学性质，通过改变其尺寸、形状、化学成分和表面官能团，可在纳米尺度上调控其光学、磁学、电学、热学和生物学性质，特别是因为它们比宏观材料具有更大的比表面积。它们提供了一定的空间来修饰其表面的不同分子，使其能够检测小分子物质、核酸、蛋白质和微生物。将纳米材料与诊断相结合有望实现更低的检测限、更高的灵敏度和更强的选择性。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论一些常见纳米材料的分类和性质，以及它们在蛋白质、核酸和其他诊断检测与分析方面的应用，特别是与衰老相关的纳米诊断。最后，总结了诊断指南。
