Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
Department of New and Renewable Energies, College of Science, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
Chem Biodivers. 2023 Aug;20(8):e202300103. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202300103. Epub 2023 Jul 18.
Thermal pyrolysis of mixed date stones and pistachio shells in a semi-batch reactor was addressed in this study. The highest yield of liquids (51.20 %) was produced at 500 °C, 90 min, 20 °C/min heating rate, and 50 mesh particle size. Under these conditions, yield of liquid from date stones and pistachio shells separately was 49.12 % and 47.67 %, respectively. The FT-IR results confirmed the presence of multiple oxygen-containing compounds in the bio-oil. Results from GC-MS declared that it was predominately composed of acids (57.57 %), esters (21.35 %), phenols (4.63 5), and alcohols (3.49 5). The obtained biochar was transformed into activated carbon (AC) by the optimized ZnCl activation method. The ideal AC was synthesized at 600 °C for 60 min using a 2 : 1 ZnCl : biochar impregnation ratio. FESEM and XRD measurements showed that the AC was amorphous. The prepared AC was effective in eliminating dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model fuel (200 ppm DBT/hexane) with a maximum performance 95.26 % at 40 °C for 1h using 0.35 g of the AC. The exhausted AC was regenerated and reutilized 4 times, and removal efficiency reached 88.23 % in the 4 cycle under ideal working conditions.
本研究探讨了在半间歇反应器中混合的椰枣核和开心果壳的热解。在 500°C、90min、20°C/min 的加热速率和 50 目粒径下，液体收率最高（51.20%）。在这些条件下，椰枣核和开心果壳的液体收率分别为 49.12%和 47.67%。FT-IR 结果证实了生物油中存在多种含氧化合物。GC-MS 结果表明，生物油主要由酸（57.57%）、酯（21.35%）、酚（4.63%）和醇（3.49%）组成。获得的生物炭通过优化的 ZnCl 活化方法转化为活性炭（AC）。在 600°C 下使用 2:1 的 ZnCl:生物炭浸渍比，60min 可合成理想的 AC。FESEM 和 XRD 测量表明，AC 为无定形。所制备的 AC 可有效脱除模型燃料（200ppm DBT/己烷）中的二苯并噻吩（DBT），在 40°C 下，使用 0.35g 的 AC，1h 内的最大去除效率为 95.26%。在理想的工作条件下，用过的 AC 可以再生并重复使用 4 次，在第 4 个循环中去除效率达到 88.23%。
