Stallings Welden Lois M, Chen Chen, Willegal-Russ Kate, Kalb Elizabeth
Author Affiliations: Clinical Nurse Specialist (Dr Stallings Welden), Deaconess Hospital, Inc of Deaconess Health System, Evansville, Indiana; Assistant Professor (Dr Chen), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; and Nurse Clinician (Dr Willegal-Russ), Memorial Hospital and Health Care Center, Jasper; and Psychologist Consultant (Dr Kalb), Ascension St. Vincent's Evansville, Indiana.
J Nurs Adm. 2023;53(7-8):420-428. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001308.
The aim of this study was to compare the degree of resilience and self-perceived physical and mental health in nurses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Work-related stress among nurses is recognized as an antecedent of burnout, which in turn impacts resiliency and well-being. The work of nursing has long been noted as stressful. Although nurse resilience and perceived well-being have been shown to decrease during a period of usual stress (constant and chronic), the impact and significance of prolonged stress on nurse resilience and well-being illuminates throughout the literature.
Replicating a cross-sectional prepandemic study, nurses were resurveyed in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In both studies, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and PROMIS Global Health was used to measure respondent's: 1) resilience level; 2) physical health status; and 3) mental health status, respectively. Independent 2-sample t tests were performed to compare the pre-and-post score differences in the 3 outcomes. To identify characteristics that were associated with the pre-and-post differences, comparison analyses were also performed within each level of the respondents' characteristic variables.
A higher proportion of postsurvey respondents reported working more than 8 hours of overtime per week, had thoughts of quitting their current job, and thought their workload was too much compared with the presurvey respondents. Generally, the postgroup resilience scores and self-perceived physical and mental scores were statistically significantly lower compared with the pregroup scores, but those differences were only observed in certain subgroups defined by respondents' characteristics.
Self-perceived physical and mental health are significantly associated with the degree of resilience and worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in younger and older nurse cohorts. Engaged nurse leaders are key to implement interventions that build resilience and perceived well-being during periods of usual and prolonged stress.
本研究旨在比较新冠疫情之前和期间护士的恢复力程度以及自我感知的身心健康状况。
护士的工作压力被认为是职业倦怠的一个先兆，而职业倦怠反过来又会影响恢复力和幸福感。长期以来，护理工作一直被认为压力很大。尽管在一段正常压力时期（持续且长期）护士的恢复力和感知幸福感已显示出下降，但长期压力对护士恢复力和幸福感的影响及重要性在整个文献中都有体现。
重复一项疫情前的横断面研究，在2020年新冠疫情期间对护士进行再次调查。在两项研究中，分别使用康纳 - 戴维森恢复力量表和患者报告结果测量信息系统全球健康量表来测量受访者的：1）恢复力水平；2）身体健康状况；3）心理健康状况。进行独立样本t检验以比较这三个结果在前后得分上的差异。为了确定与前后差异相关的特征，还在受访者特征变量的每个水平内进行了比较分析。
与调查前的受访者相比，更多的调查后受访者报告每周加班超过8小时，有辞去当前工作的想法，并且认为自己的工作量过大。总体而言，与调查前组相比，调查后组的恢复力得分以及自我感知的身体和心理得分在统计学上显著更低，但这些差异仅在由受访者特征定义的某些亚组中观察到。
自我感知的身心健康与恢复力程度显著相关，并且在新冠疫情期间恶化，尤其是在年轻和年长的护士群体中。积极参与管理的护士领导者对于在正常和长期压力时期实施增强恢复力和感知幸福感的干预措施至关重要。
