University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA.
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1426:355-375. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_15.
While the twentieth century brought rapid changes to the diagnosis and management of asthma, consensus guidelines did not exist until the mid-1980s. Over the subsequent four decades, guidelines evolved from expert-based recommendations to comprehensive, evidenced-based references. The main two guidelines to be discussed in this chapter are the expert panel reports (EPR) published by the United States National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention Report (GINA) published by the NHLBI and World Health Organization (WHO). While these guidelines both focus on evidence-based approaches to the diagnosis and management of asthma, there are significant differences in both organization and recommendations. Just as the introduction of evidence-based guidelines was revolutionary to asthma management over the last 20 years, we anticipate further development of recommendations specific to precision medicine based on ongoing cutting-edge clinical research.
虽然 20 世纪为哮喘的诊断和治疗带来了快速变化，但直到 20 世纪 80 年代中期才出现共识指南。在随后的四十年中，指南从基于专家的建议发展为全面的、基于证据的参考。本章将讨论的两个主要指南是美国国家心肺血液研究所 (NHLBI) 发布的专家小组报告 (EPR) 和 NHLBI 和世界卫生组织 (WHO) 发布的《全球哮喘管理和预防报告》(GINA)。虽然这些指南都侧重于哮喘诊断和管理的循证方法，但在组织和建议方面存在显著差异。正如过去 20 年来，基于证据的指南的引入对哮喘管理产生了革命性的影响，我们预计，基于正在进行的前沿临床研究，针对精准医学的建议将进一步发展。
