J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2023;34(1):431-446. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2023.0028.
In 1934, the Federal Housing Authority precluded mortgage loans to residents of neighborhoods with non-White families or where housing was deteriorated; these were declared "hazardous" and labeled red on maps. In 1962 three redlined north Brooklyn neighborhoods had 41 children, all Black and Puerto Rican, with lead levels >60ug/dL. A review of public polices in the U.S. from 1898 to the present revealed that lead poisoning followed an income gradient with multiple disproportionate effects on non-White children in redlined neighborhoods. The poisonings diminished when federal and local regulations prevented lead exposure. While redlining had profound influences on both likelihood and severity of lead poisoning and its consequences, it was a mediator of effects. The principal causes were federal policies failing to prevent environmental contamination and local governments failing to prevent exposure.
1934 年，联邦住房管理局禁止向有非裔家庭或住房条件恶劣的社区提供抵押贷款；这些地区被宣布为“危险”地区，并在地图上标为红色。1962 年，布鲁克林北部三个被红线划定的社区有 41 名儿童，全部为非裔和波多黎各裔，其血铅水平>60ug/dL。对 1898 年至当前美国公共政策的审查显示，铅中毒与收入梯度有关，对红线社区的非裔儿童产生了多重不成比例的影响。当联邦和地方法规阻止铅暴露时，中毒情况有所减少。虽然红线划定对铅中毒及其后果的可能性和严重程度都有深远影响，但它只是影响的一个中介因素。主要原因是联邦政策未能防止环境污染，地方政府未能防止接触。
