Paphitis Katherine, Pearl David L, Berke Olaf, Trotz-Williams Lise
Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2023 Nov;70(7):604-615. doi: 10.1111/zph.13069. Epub 2023 Jul 18.
The incidence of salmonellosis, and other enteric zoonotic diseases, has been associated with various food and environmental exposures and socioeconomic factors. Increasingly, there is interest in exploring differences among serotypes of Salmonella to better inform public health prevention efforts. Consequently, we investigated whether rates of Salmonella Heidelberg and Typhimurium in Ontario communities in 2015 were influenced by household characteristics, agricultural factors, and the presence of meat plants. Data for each reported case of S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium in Ontario in 2015 were collected. Expected cases of each serotype were calculated, stratified by age group and sex, according to the underlying population distribution from the Canadian census. Socioeconomic, agricultural census data, and data concerning provincial and federally inspected meat plants were combined with observed and expected case counts. The association between community-level agricultural, meat processing, and socioeconomic variables, serotype, and the rate of salmonellosis in each census subdivision (CSD) was explored using multilevel Poisson models, with random intercepts for CSD and census division (CD). Rates of S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium were associated with the proportion of married individuals in a CSD, and were higher in CSDs with the highest quantile of labour participation compared to those in the lowest quantile. There was an interaction effect between cattle, poultry and swine farm density in a CD and serotype, with rates of either serotype decreasing as cattle, poultry, or swine farm density in the encompassing CD increased. The rate of the decrease varied by serotype. Our findings concerning community-level household characteristics may be explained by the influence of family structure and occupation on food consumption patterns and environmental exposures. Rates of S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium may be lower in areas with increased animal farm density due to naturally acquired immunity from routine exposure to Salmonella via livestock.
沙门氏菌病及其他肠道人畜共患病的发病率与多种食物、环境暴露因素以及社会经济因素有关。人们越来越有兴趣探索不同血清型沙门氏菌之间的差异，以便为公共卫生预防工作提供更充分的信息。因此，我们调查了2015年安大略省各社区海德堡沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的发病率是否受到家庭特征、农业因素以及肉类加工厂存在情况的影响。收集了2015年安大略省每例报告的海德堡沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病例的数据。根据加拿大人口普查的基础人口分布，按年龄组和性别分层计算每种血清型的预期病例数。将社会经济、农业普查数据以及有关省级和联邦检查肉类加工厂的数据与观察到的和预期的病例数相结合。使用多级泊松模型探索社区层面的农业、肉类加工和社会经济变量、血清型与每个普查分区（CSD）沙门氏菌病发病率之间的关联，对CSD和普查区（CD）采用随机截距。海德堡沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的发病率与CSD中已婚个体的比例相关，与劳动参与率处于最高四分位数的CSD相比，处于最低四分位数的CSD中这两种血清型的发病率更高。在一个CD中牛、家禽和养猪场密度与血清型之间存在交互作用，随着包含该CD中牛、家禽或养猪场密度的增加，这两种血清型的发病率均下降。下降的速率因血清型而异。我们关于社区层面家庭特征的研究结果可能是由于家庭结构和职业对食物消费模式及环境暴露的影响所致。由于通过家畜日常接触沙门氏菌而自然获得免疫力，在动物养殖场密度增加的地区，海德堡沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的发病率可能较低。
