Koshihara Kenta, Yuasa Kazuya
Department of Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
Phys Rev E. 2023 Jun;107(6-1):064109. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.107.064109.
We study the energy extraction from and charging to a finite-dimensional quantum system by general quantum operations. We prove that the changes in energy induced by unital quantum operations are limited by the ergotropy and charging bounds for unitary quantum operations. This implies that, in order to break the ergotropy bound for unitary quantum operations, one needs to perform a quantum operation with feedback control. We also show that the ergotropy bound for unital quantum operations, applied to initial thermal equilibrium states, is tighter than the inequality representing the standard second law of thermodynamics without feedback control.
我们研究通过一般量子操作从有限维量子系统中提取能量以及向其充电的问题。我们证明，幺正量子操作所引起的能量变化受限于幺正量子操作的工作能力和充电界限。这意味着，为了突破幺正量子操作的工作能力界限，需要进行具有反馈控制的量子操作。我们还表明，应用于初始热平衡态的幺正量子操作的工作能力界限，比无反馈控制时代表标准热力学第二定律的不等式更为严格。
