Klipel Joice, Bergamin Rodrigo Scarton, Cianciaruso Marcus Vinicius, da Silva Ana Carolina, Jurinitz Cristiane Follmann, Jarenkow João André, Bordin Kauane Maiara, Molz Martin, Higuchi Pedro, Picolotto Rayana Caroline, Debastiani Vanderlei Júlio, Müller Sandra Cristina
Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil.
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Jul 16;13(7):e10321. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10321. eCollection 2023 Jul.
This study assessed the impact of altitude, precipitation, and soil conditions on species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and functional diversity (FD) standardized effect sizes in subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest tree communities. We considered specific trait information (FDs) for FD, reflecting recent adaptive evolution, contrasting with deeper phylogenetic constraints in FD. Three functional traits (leaf area-LA, wood density-WD, and seed mass-SM) were examined for their response to these gradients. Generalized least squares models with environmental variables as predictors and diversity metrics as response variables were used, and a fourth-corner correlation test explored trait-environmental relationships. SR decreased with altitude, while PD increased, indicating niche convergence at higher altitudes. Leaf area and seed mass diversity also decreased with altitude. For LA, both FD and FDs were significant, reflecting filtering processes influenced by phylogenetic inheritance and recent trait evolution. For SM, only the specific trait structure responded to altitude. LA and SM showed significant trait-environmental relationships, with smaller-leaved and lighter-seeded species dominant at higher altitudes. Soil gradients affect diversity. Fertile soils have a wider range of LA, indicating coexistence of species with different nutrient acquisition strategies. WD variation is lower for FDs. SM diversity has different relationships with soil fertility for FDs and FD, suggesting phylogeny influences trait variation. Soil pH influences WD and LA under acidic soils, with deeper phylogenetic constraints (FD). Environmental factors impact tree communities, with evidence of trait variation constraints driven by conditions and resources. Subtropical Atlantic forests' tree assemblies are mainly influenced by altitude, pH, and soil fertility, selecting fewer species and narrower trait spectra under specific conditions (e.g., higher altitudes, pH). Functional diversity patterns reflect both phylogenetic and recent evolution constraints, with varying strength across traits and conditions. These findings highlight the intricate processes shaping long-lived species assembly across diverse environments in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
本研究评估了海拔、降水和土壤条件对巴西亚热带大西洋森林树木群落物种丰富度（SR）、系统发育多样性（PD）和功能多样性（FD）标准化效应大小的影响。我们考虑了反映近期适应性进化的FD的特定性状信息（FDs），与FD中更深层次的系统发育限制形成对比。研究了三个功能性状（叶面积-LA、木材密度-WD和种子质量-SM）对这些梯度的响应。使用以环境变量为预测因子、多样性指标为响应变量的广义最小二乘模型，并通过第四角相关性检验探索性状与环境的关系。SR随海拔升高而降低，而PD则增加，表明在较高海拔处生态位趋同。叶面积和种子质量多样性也随海拔升高而降低。对于LA，FD和FDs均具有显著性，反映了受系统发育遗传和近期性状进化影响的筛选过程。对于SM，只有特定性状结构对海拔有响应。LA和SM显示出显著的性状与环境关系，在较高海拔处小叶和轻种子物种占主导地位。土壤梯度影响多样性。肥沃土壤的LA范围更广，表明具有不同养分获取策略的物种共存。FDs的WD变异较低。SM多样性在FDs和FD方面与土壤肥力有不同的关系，表明系统发育影响性状变异。在酸性土壤条件下，土壤pH影响WD和LA，具有更深层次的系统发育限制（FD）。环境因素影响树木群落，有证据表明条件和资源驱动性状变异受到限制。亚热带大西洋森林的树木组合主要受海拔、pH和土壤肥力影响，在特定条件下（如较高海拔、pH）选择的物种较少且性状谱较窄。功能多样性模式反映了系统发育和近期进化限制，在不同性状和条件下强度各异。这些发现突出了塑造巴西南部大西洋森林不同环境中长寿物种组合的复杂过程。
