Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, One Deaconess Road, WCC@, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, One Deaconess Road, WCC@, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Public Health. 2023 Aug;221:166-169. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.022. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
This study aimed to provide an overview of the scope and challenges of historic events and help better prepare emergency healthcare services for future similar mass gathering events.
This was a retrospective descriptive analysis of protest and conflict events in North America from 2021 to 2022.
Recent protests, riots, and other conflict events in North America have highlighted the increasing challenges hospital-based and prehospital healthcare providers face. This study provides a retrospective descriptive analysis of protest and conflict events in North America from 2021 to 2022, which may aid emergency healthcare services in understanding the scope and challenges of historic events and help better prepare for future similar mass gathering events.
Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) database. The ACLED database was searched using the internal database search functions for recorded events that occurred in North America from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Date, event type, event subtype, the country of incident, and fatality numbers were extracted. The results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed independently by L.C., H.S., and R.H.
There were a total of 52,529 recorded events of political conflict in North America, with 30,269 events in 2021 and 29,260 in 2022. Political conflict events included protests (40,934, 68.8%), violence against civilians (11,532, 19.4%), strategic developments (2,819, 4.7%), battles (2,293, 3.9%), riots (1,909, 3.2%), and remote violence (42, 0.1%). Violence against civilians caused the highest fatalities (13,466, 82.6%), followed by battles (2,662, 16.3%), riots (111, 0.7%), strategic developments, remote violence, and protests (57, 6, and 3 respectively).
Mexico and the United States accounted for most of the political conflicts in North America across 2021 and 2022. In Mexico, protests and violence against civilians were the most common types of conflict, with the latter accounting for the comparatively high fatality compared with the other countries. Battles in Mexico between cartels were the most deadly political conflicts recorded in North America.
本研究旨在概述历史事件的范围和挑战，帮助急诊医疗服务为未来类似的大规模集会事件做好更好的准备。
这是对 2021 年至 2022 年北美抗议和冲突事件的回顾性描述性分析。
最近北美发生的抗议、骚乱和其他冲突事件突显了医院和院前医疗服务提供者面临的日益严峻的挑战。本研究对 2021 年至 2022 年北美发生的抗议和冲突事件进行了回顾性描述性分析，这可能有助于急诊医疗服务了解历史事件的范围和挑战，并帮助更好地为未来类似的大规模集会事件做好准备。
使用武装冲突地点和事件数据项目（ACLED）数据库的回顾性数据库搜索收集数据。使用 ACLED 数据库的内部数据库搜索功能，按日期搜索发生在 2021 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间的北美的记录事件。提取事件类型、事件亚型、事件发生国家和死亡人数。结果导出到 Excel 电子表格中，由 L.C.、H.S. 和 R.H. 独立分析。
共有 52529 起北美政治冲突记录事件，2021 年有 30269 起，2022 年有 29260 起。政治冲突事件包括抗议活动（40934 起，占 68.8%）、平民暴力（11532 起，占 19.4%）、战略发展（2819 起，占 4.7%）、战斗（2293 起，占 3.9%）、骚乱（1909 起，占 3.2%）和远程暴力（42 起，占 0.1%）。平民暴力导致的死亡人数最多（13466 人，占 82.6%），其次是战斗（2662 人，占 16.3%）、骚乱（111 人，占 0.7%）、战略发展、远程暴力和抗议活动（57 人、6 人和 3 人）。
墨西哥和美国占 2021 年至 2022 年期间北美大部分政治冲突。在墨西哥，抗议和针对平民的暴力是最常见的冲突类型，后者造成的死亡人数相对高于其他国家。墨西哥境内卡特尔之间的战斗是北美记录的最致命的政治冲突。
