State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 15;899:165628. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165628. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
Potato has been promoted as a national key staple food to alleviate pressure on food security in China. Appropriate nitrogen (N) application rate is prerequisite and is crucial for increasing yield, improving fertilizer efficiency, and reducing N losses. In the present study, we determined the optimum N application rates by analyzing field trial data from the main potato producing areas of China between 2004 and 2020. We considered the equilibrium relationships between potato yield, N uptake, partial N balance (PNB), and NO emission under different soil indigenous N supply (INS) scenarios. The results showed that N rate, INS, and their interactions all significantly affect potato yield and nutrient uptake increment. On average, N application increased potato yield and N uptake by 29.5 % and 56.7 %, respectively. The relationship between N rate and yield increment was linear-plateau, while the relationship between N rate and N uptake increment was linear-linear. Soil INS accounted for 63.5 % of total potato N requirement. Potato yield increment and nutrient uptake increment were exponentially negatively correlated with INS and had a significant parabolic-nonlinear relationship with the interaction of N fertilizer application rate and INS. PNB was negatively correlated with fertilizer N supply intensity as a power function. Based on our analysis, a N application rate of 166 kg N ha was found to be sufficient when the target yield was <34 t ha. However, when the target yield reached 40, 50 and 60 t ha, the recommended N application rate increased to 182, 211, and 254 kg N ha, respectively, while ensuring NO emissions low with an emission factor of 0.2 %. Our findings will help guide potato farming toward cleaner production without compromising environmental benefit.
土豆已被推广为国家重点主食，以缓解中国的粮食安全压力。适当的氮（N）施用量是前提，对于提高产量、提高肥料效率和减少 N 损失至关重要。本研究通过分析 2004 年至 2020 年中国主要马铃薯产区的田间试验数据，确定了最佳 N 施用量。我们考虑了不同土壤自然 N 供应（INS）情况下马铃薯产量、N 吸收、部分 N 平衡（PNB）和 NO 排放之间的平衡关系。结果表明，N 率、INS 及其相互作用均显著影响马铃薯产量和养分吸收增量。平均而言，N 施用量增加了 29.5%的马铃薯产量和 56.7%的 N 吸收量。N 率与产量增量之间呈线性-平台关系，而 N 率与 N 吸收增量之间呈线性-线性关系。土壤 INS 占马铃薯总 N 需求的 63.5%。马铃薯产量增量和养分吸收增量与 INS 呈指数负相关，与 N 肥施用量和 INS 相互作用呈显著抛物线非线性关系。PNB 与肥料 N 供应强度呈幂函数负相关。根据我们的分析，当目标产量<34 t ha 时，发现 166 kg N ha 的 N 施用量是足够的。然而，当目标产量达到 40、50 和 60 t ha 时，推荐的 N 施用量分别增加到 182、211 和 254 kg N ha，同时确保 NO 排放低，排放系数为 0.2%。我们的研究结果将有助于指导马铃薯种植向清洁生产发展，同时不影响环境效益。
