Zhang Zhou, Zhang Yanli, Zou Lilin, Ou Zhongxiangyu, Luo Datong, Liu Zhan, Huang Zhonghui, Fei Leilei, Wang Xinming
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Changsha Center for Mineral Resources Exploration, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410013, China.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 10;898:165583. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165583. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
As key components of intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), intermediate-volatility aromatic hydrocarbons (IAHs) are important precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Rubber products (RP) industry has significant influence on ozone and SOA formation, yet few studies are available to characterize their emissions of IAHs. Here we conducted measurements of IAHs emitted from rubber products (RP) factories in China. Tens of C-C IAH species were identified with CH-AH (such as tetramethyl benzene) and naphthalene (CH) as the dominant species, accounting for 57.0 % - 100.0 % of total IAHs emissions. On average, IAHs showed higher concentrations (1.1 × 10-1.2 × 10 μg m) in mixing, extrusion, painting, crushing, and grinding processes than those (8.2-14 μg m) in vulcanization and gumming processes as well as warehouse. Moreover, IAHs concentrations were 1.3-1.7 times of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (VAHs; C-C aromatics) in the emissions from mixing, extrusion, crushing and grinding processes. The average IAHs to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ratios also showed relatively higher values (0.1-0.7) in these processes, which were significantly higher than those of 0.01-0.03 observed in other industries, and even comparable to the IVOCs to VOCs ratio of 0.2 used for estimating solvent-related emission. The ozone and SOA formation potential values of IAHs were 1.1-2.6 times and 0.9-3.9 times those of VAHs, respectively, and were 0.5-1.0 times and 0.9-1.9 times those of total VOCs in emissions of mixing, extrusion, crushing, and grinding processes of the RP industry. The total emission of IAHs was estimated to be 115.8 Gg from the RP industry in China, which could account for 64.5 % of total IAH emissions from all industrial sectors. This study further suggests that the RP industry might be an important emission source of IAHs with substantially higher ozone and SOA formation potentials.
作为中挥发性有机化合物（IVOCs）的关键组成部分，中挥发性芳烃（IAHs）是臭氧和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的重要前体物。橡胶制品（RP）行业对臭氧和SOA的形成有重大影响，但很少有研究来表征其IAHs的排放情况。在此，我们对中国橡胶制品（RP）工厂排放的IAHs进行了测量。识别出了数十种碳 - 碳IAH物种，其中以CH - AH（如四甲基苯）和萘（CH）为主导物种，占IAHs总排放量的57.0% - 100.0%。平均而言，IAHs在混合、挤出、涂装、粉碎和研磨过程中的浓度（1.1×10 - 1.2×10 μg/m）高于硫化、涂胶过程以及仓库中的浓度（8.2 - 14 μg/m）。此外，在混合、挤出、粉碎和研磨过程的排放中，IAHs浓度是挥发性芳烃（VAHs；碳 - 碳芳烃）浓度的1.3 - 1.7倍。在这些过程中，IAHs与挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的平均比值也显示出相对较高的值（0.1 - 0.7），显著高于其他行业观察到的0.01 - 0.03，甚至与用于估算溶剂相关排放的IVOCs与VOCs的比值0.2相当。在橡胶制品行业的混合、挤出、粉碎和研磨过程排放中，IAHs的臭氧和SOA形成潜力值分别是VAHs的1.1 - 2.6倍和0.9 - 3.9倍，是总VOCs的0.5 - 1.0倍和0.9 - 1.9倍。据估计，中国橡胶制品行业IAHs的总排放量为115.8 Gg，占所有工业部门IAHs总排放量的64.5%。这项研究进一步表明，橡胶制品行业可能是IAHs的重要排放源，其臭氧和SOA形成潜力要高得多。
