基于现实导向疗法的多组分方案对老年社区居民身体机能和认知功能的影响：一项准实验研究。

Effect of a multicomponent programme based on reality orientation therapy on the physical performance and cognitive function of elderly community-dwellers: a quasi-experimental study.

机构信息

Graduate School of Medicine, Doctorial Course in Health Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan.

Center for Aging in Place, Akita University, Akita, Japan.

出版信息

Psychogeriatrics. 2023 Sep;23(5):847-855. doi: 10.1111/psyg.13008. Epub 2023 Jul 20.

DOI:10.1111/psyg.13008

PMID:37474259

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11577978/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Effects of a multicomponent exercise programme have an impact on the physical, cognitive, and psychological domains in elderly community-dwellers. However, some individuals aged 65 years or more have not shown positive effects after the intervention as reported in similar research. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to clarify the effectiveness of a multicomponent programme based on reality orientation therapy (ROT) on the physical performance, cognitive ability, and psychological state in the elderly.

METHOD

Participants were recruited from the general public in 20 areas of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and they took part in each exercise programme for 90 min a day, once every 2 weeks, for 3 months, according to the group classification using cluster randomization into 20 cohorts in Akita. Physical, cognitive, and geriatric depression assessments were performed at baseline and after the 3-month intervention in both the ROT-based intervention group and the control group.

RESULT

The final samples for analysis consisted of 31 participants in the control group and 30 participants in the intervention group. The results of the statistical analysis comparing the two groups showed that the 5-repetition sit-to-stand test was performed significantly faster (P < 0.05) and that the results of the word list memory (WM) test and the Symbol Digit Substitution Task also had significantly improved (P < 0.05) after the intervention in both groups. The WM score did not show an interactive effect between the group and time factors, but it had a significant main effect on time in both groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The results of our quasi-experimental study indicated that the multicomponent programme based on the ROT would be as effective as the original multicomponent programme combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive tasks, as highlighted in the WM.

摘要

背景

多成分运动方案对社区居住的老年人的身体、认知和心理领域都有影响。然而，在类似的研究中，一些 65 岁或以上的老年人在干预后并没有显示出积极的效果。本准实验研究的目的是阐明基于现实定向疗法（ROT）的多成分方案对老年人身体机能、认知能力和心理状态的有效性。

方法

参与者从日本秋田县的 20 个地区的普通公众中招募，他们根据集群随机分组，在秋田县分为 20 个队列，每天参加一次，每次 90 分钟，每两周一次，共 3 个月。在基线和 3 个月的干预后，对 ROT 为基础的干预组和对照组进行身体、认知和老年抑郁评估。

结果

分析的最终样本包括对照组的 31 名参与者和干预组的 30 名参与者。两组间的统计分析结果表明，5 次重复坐立测试的完成时间明显更快（P<0.05），两组的单词列表记忆（WM）测试和符号数字替代任务的结果也明显改善（P<0.05）。WM 评分在两组间没有显示出组间和时间因素的交互效应，但在两组中均具有显著的时间主效应（P<0.05）。