Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.
Instituto Rosarista para el Estudio del Envejecimiento y la Longevidad, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Jul 25;22(1):617. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03302-1.
Multicomponent physical exercise is the most recommended type of physical intervention in older adults. Experimental data suggest the relevance of the muscle-brain axis and the relationship between muscle contraction and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, however, the impact of this relationship on cognition remains unclear, especially in people with diagnosis of cognitive impairment. This study assesses the effect of multicomponent physical exercise on global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
Randomized controlled trials published until January 2021 were searched across three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Database). Data about exercises included in the multicomponent intervention (endurance, strength, balance, or flexibility), the inclusion of aerobic exercise, and the change in global cognition were extracted. The effect size was represented as a standardized mean difference. Risk of bias was assessed by the RoB2 tool.
A total of 8 studies were included. The overall effect size suggested an effect of multicomponent exercise on global cognition. However, the subgroup analysis showed an effect only when aerobic exercise was included in the intervention. No effect when mild cognitive impairment and dementia were assessed separately was found.
This study suggests that multicomponent physical exercise could have an effect on global cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia only when aerobic exercise is included in the intervention. Our results support the inclusion of structured physical exercise programs in the management of people with cognitive impairment.
多组分体育锻炼是最推荐的老年人体育干预类型。实验数据表明肌肉-大脑轴和肌肉收缩与脑源性神经营养因子释放之间的关系具有相关性，然而，这种关系对认知的影响尚不清楚，特别是在认知障碍患者中。本研究评估了多组分体育锻炼对轻度认知障碍或痴呆患者整体认知的影响。
在三个电子数据库（PubMed、Scopus 和 Cochrane Database）中搜索截至 2021 年 1 月发表的随机对照试验。提取多组分干预中包含的运动（耐力、力量、平衡或柔韧性）、有氧运动的纳入以及整体认知变化的数据。效应大小表示为标准化均数差。使用 RoB2 工具评估偏倚风险。
共纳入 8 项研究。总体效应大小表明多组分运动对整体认知有影响。然而，亚组分析表明，只有当干预中包含有氧运动时，才会产生效果。当分别评估轻度认知障碍和痴呆时，没有发现效果。
本研究表明，只有当干预中包含有氧运动时，多组分体育锻炼才可能对轻度认知障碍或痴呆患者的整体认知产生影响。我们的结果支持在认知障碍患者的管理中纳入结构化的体育锻炼计划。
