A Challenging Interventional Procedure: Transcatheter Closure of Tubular Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension.

Transcatheter closure of the tubular ducts remains the most challenging procedure, with higher complication rates than other types. This study evaluates the characteristics of transcatheter closure of tubular ducts with pulmonary hypertension. 73 patients with tubular ducts who underwent cardiac catheterization for transcatheter PDA closure were analyzed. The mean age and weight were 1.93 ± 2.68 years and 8.83 ± 6.14 kg, respectively. Transcatheter closure was attempted in 72 patients. Four cases (5.5%) were referred to surgery, while the procedure was completed in the remaining (94.5%). Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) I or Cardiofix duct occluder (CDO) was the most commonly used devices. However, the use of Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) II raised in recent years. The most common concern was aortic protrusion/stenosis in ADO I/CDO devices, but most regressed during follow-up. Iatrogenic coarctation of the aorta was observed in two with ADO I/CDO. Embolization of the device to the pulmonary artery was observed in three with CDO, AVP II, and AVP I. Significant left pulmonary artery stenosis requiring stenting developed in one after closure with an MVSDO device. Tubular ducts are highly associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, and transcatheter closure of them is still challenging despite the developing device armamentarium. Although ADO I or similar devices are widely used, off-label devices are usually needed at increasing rates. The AVP II device is unsuitable for short tubular ducts but seems the best option for long ones.