School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2023 Aug;120(8):2092-2116. doi: 10.1002/bit.28504. Epub 2023 Jul 21.
Amylases are biologically active enzymes that can hydrolyze starch to produce dextrin, glucose, maltose, and oligosaccharides. The amylases contribute approximately 30% to the global industrial enzyme market. The globally produced amylases are widely used in textile, biofuel, starch processing, food, bioremediation of environmental pollutants, pulp, and paper, clinical, and fermentation industries. The purpose of this review article is to summarize recent trends and aspects of α-amylases, classification, microbial production sources, biosynthesis and production methods, and its broad-spectrum applications for industrial purposes, which will depict the latest trends in α-amylases production. In the present article, we have comprehensively compared the biodiversity of α-amylases in different model organisms ranging from archaea to eukaryotes using in silico structural analysis tools. The detailed comparative analysis: regarding their structure, function, cofactor, signal peptide, and catalytic domain along with their catalytic residues of α-amylases in 16 model organisms were discussed in this paper. The comparative studies on alpha (α) amylases' secondary and tertiary structures, multiple sequence alignment, transmembrane helices, physiochemical properties, and their phylogenetic analysis in model organisms were briefly studied. This review has documented the recent trends and future perspectives of industrially important novel thermophilic α-amylases. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the current understanding and prospects of α-amylase research, highlighting its importance as a versatile enzyme with numerous applications and emphasizing the need for further exploration and innovation in this field.
淀粉酶是具有生物活性的酶，能够将淀粉水解产生糊精、葡萄糖、麦芽糖和低聚糖。淀粉酶约占全球工业酶市场的 30%。全球生产的淀粉酶广泛应用于纺织、生物燃料、淀粉加工、食品、环境污染物的生物修复、纸浆和造纸、临床和发酵工业。本文的目的是总结α-淀粉酶的最新趋势和方面，包括分类、微生物生产来源、生物合成和生产方法及其在工业中的广泛应用，这将描绘α-淀粉酶生产的最新趋势。在本文中，我们使用计算结构分析工具，综合比较了从古菌到真核生物等不同模式生物中α-淀粉酶的生物多样性。本文详细讨论了 16 种模式生物中α-淀粉酶的结构、功能、辅因子、信号肽和催化结构域及其催化残基的比较分析。本文还简要研究了α-（α）淀粉酶的二级和三级结构、多重序列比对、跨膜螺旋、物理化学性质及其在模式生物中的系统发育分析的比较研究。本综述记录了工业上重要的新型耐热α-淀粉酶的最新趋势和未来展望。总之，本文综述了α-淀粉酶研究的现状和前景，强调了它作为一种具有多种应用的多功能酶的重要性，并强调了在该领域进一步探索和创新的必要性。
