Usman Muhammad, Atiq Muhammad, Rajput Nasir Ahmed, Sagheer Muhammad, Xia Ye
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 14;20(1):e0309738. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309738. eCollection 2025.
Nutritional status being the first line of defense for host plants, determines their susceptibility or resistance against invading pathogens. In recent years, the applications of plant nutrient related products have been documented as one of the best performers and considered as alternatives or/and supplements in plant disease management compared to traditional chemicals. However, knowledge about application of plant nutrient related products for the management of destructive fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici and their impact on the components of the antioxidant defense system, especially in chilli plants, still needs to be discovered. Therefore, in this current study, we aimed to evaluate two nutrient fertilizers viz. Krystafeed and Micro Plus at three different concentrations by soil drenching method for their effects against the Fusarium wilt of chilli and investigate the components of the antioxidant defense system of chilli plants. Correlation and computational analysis on the components of antioxidant defense system in various pathways were performed to predict the suitable binding sites of mineral ions. Results indicated that the combination of Krystafeed and Micro Plus was found the most effective with (27.01, 26.59%) disease incidence, followed by Micro Plus (29.56, 32.35%) and Krystafeed (38.21, 41.15%), both in greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Moreover, the combination of Krystafeed and Micro Plus significantly increased the concentration of SOD (27.53, 108.96)%, POD (37.29, 45.65)%, CAT (19.33, 95.33)%, H2O2 (22.13, 118.98)%, TPC (27.39, 17.37)%, chlorophyll a (21.80, 35.74)%, chlorophyll b (57.57, 18.25)%, total chlorophyll (30.21, 19.83)%, Tocopherol (13.08, 33.66)%, TrxR (5.03, 36.56)%, MDA (13.84, 54.79)%, ascorbate (4.72, 17.28)%, Proline (5.94, 59.31)%, and phytoalexin (Capsidiol) (11.33, 55.08)% in the treated plants of resistant and susceptible chilli varieties, respectively, as compared to the untreated plants. Pearson's correlation heat-map analysis showed that all the enzymes of antioxidant defense system were found positively correlated with each other. It is concluded that the improvement of crop resistance by the application of plant nutrient related products may be viable alternatives to synthetic chemicals for managing Fusarium wilt disease of chilli and potentially other pathogens.
营养状况作为寄主植物的第一道防线，决定了它们对入侵病原体的易感性或抗性。近年来，与植物营养相关产品的应用已被证明是最佳实践之一，与传统化学物质相比，被视为植物病害管理的替代物或/和补充物。然而，关于与植物营养相关产品在防治毁灭性真菌病原体尖孢镰刀菌辣椒专化型中的应用及其对抗氧化防御系统成分的影响，尤其是在辣椒植株中的影响，仍有待探索。因此，在本研究中，我们旨在通过土壤浇灌法评估两种营养肥料，即Krystafeed和Micro Plus，在三种不同浓度下对辣椒枯萎病的防治效果，并研究辣椒植株抗氧化防御系统的成分。对各种途径中抗氧化防御系统的成分进行了相关性和计算分析，以预测矿质离子的合适结合位点。结果表明，在温室和田间条件下，Krystafeed和Micro Plus的组合效果最佳，发病率分别为（27.01%，26.59%），其次是Micro Plus（29.56%，32.35%）和Krystafeed（38.21%，41.15%）。此外，与未处理的植株相比，Krystafeed和Micro Plus的组合显著提高了抗性和感病辣椒品种处理植株中SOD（27.53%，108.96%）、POD（37.29%，45.65%）、CAT（19.33%，95.33%）、H2O2（22.13%，118.98%）、TPC（27.39%，17.37%）、叶绿素a（22.13%，118.98%）、叶绿素b（57.57%，18.25%）、总叶绿素（30.21%，19.83%）、生育酚（13.08%，33.66%）、TrxR（5.03%，36.56%）、MDA（13.84%，54.79%）、抗坏血酸（4.72%，17.28%）、脯氨酸（5.94%，59.31%）和植保素（辣椒素）（11.33%，55.08%）的浓度。Pearson相关热图分析表明，抗氧化防御系统的所有酶之间均呈正相关。得出的结论是，通过应用与植物营养相关的产品来提高作物抗性，可能是管理辣椒枯萎病及潜在其他病原体的合成化学物质的可行替代方法。
