Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt.
Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Security Forces Hospital, Ryiadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jul 14;29(26):4156-4165. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4156.
Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) is a major neglected tropical disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical communities. Schistosomal polyps (S. polyps) are not uncommon presentation of this infection. Although the colon is the most commonly affected organ, many other organs are affected. S. polyps are associated with a variable range of morbidity independent of the Schistosomal infection. S. polyps are frequently described in endemic areas and increasingly reported in non-endemic areas mainly among immigrants and visitors to the endemic areas. This review aimed to increase awareness of practitioners, especially gastroenterologists, for this peculiar type of polyps caused by this neglected infection hence improving patient outcomes. Web-based search of different databases was conducted for the literature focusing the development of S. polyps in the colon and other organs with analysis of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. The following key words were used in the search, "Schistosomiasis" OR "Bilharziasis" AND "Polyps" OR "Polyp" AND "Colon" OR "Small intestine" OR " Duodenum" OR " Stomach" OR "Esophagus" OR " Gallbladder" OR" Pharynx" OR "Larynx" OR "Trachea" OR "Urinary bladder" OR " Ureter" OR "Renal Pelvis" OR "Urethra". All publication types including case reports, case series, original research, and review articles were retrieved and analyzed. S. polyps are not infrequent presentation of acute or chronic Schistosomal infection. S. polyps are described in many organs including the bowel, genitourinary tract, skin, gallbladder and the larynx. Presentation of S. polyps is variable and depends on the site, number as well as the polyp size. The relationship of to malignant transformation is a matter of discussion. Presence of S. polyps is sometimes the only manifestation of Schistosomiasis. Small polyps can be treated medically with praziquantel, while large accessible polyps are amendable for endoscopic excision through different polyp resection techniques. However, huge, complicated, non-accessible and suspicious polyps are indicated for surgical management or advanced endoscopic resection when appropriate. Clinicians and endoscopists should be aware about these facts when treating patients living in, immigrated from or visiting endemic areas.
血吸虫病（裂体吸虫病）是一种主要的被忽视热带病。它在许多热带和亚热带社区流行。血吸虫息肉（S.息肉）是这种感染的常见表现。尽管结肠是最常受影响的器官，但许多其他器官也会受到影响。S.息肉与这种被忽视的感染相关的发病率范围广泛，与 S.感染无关。S.息肉在流行地区经常被描述，并在非流行地区越来越多地报告，主要是在移民和到流行地区的游客中。本综述旨在提高从业者，特别是胃肠病学家对这种由被忽视感染引起的特殊类型息肉的认识，从而改善患者的治疗效果。对不同数据库进行了基于网络的文献搜索，重点研究了结肠和其他器官中 S.息肉的发展，并对临床表现、诊断和治疗进行了分析。在搜索中使用了以下关键词，"血吸虫病"或"裂体吸虫病"和"息肉"或"息肉"和"结肠"或"小肠"或"十二指肠"或"胃"或"食管"或"胆囊"或"咽"或"喉"或"气管"或"膀胱"或"输尿管"或"肾盂"或"尿道"。检索并分析了所有类型的出版物，包括病例报告、病例系列、原始研究和综述文章。S.息肉在急性或慢性裂体吸虫感染中并不少见。S.息肉在许多器官中都有描述，包括肠道、泌尿生殖道、皮肤、胆囊和喉。S.息肉的表现多种多样，取决于部位、数量和息肉大小。与恶性转化的关系是一个讨论的问题。S.息肉的存在有时是裂体吸虫病的唯一表现。小息肉可以用吡喹酮进行药物治疗，而大的可触及的息肉可以通过不同的息肉切除术技术进行内镜切除。然而，巨大、复杂、不可触及和可疑的息肉需要手术治疗或在适当的时候进行先进的内镜切除。当治疗生活在、移民到或访问流行地区的患者时，临床医生和内镜医生应该了解这些事实。
