Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Environment, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Science, Engineering and Technology, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2023 Dec;42(12):2614-2629. doi: 10.1002/etc.5722. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Bioavailability models, for example, multiple linear regressions (MLRs) of water quality parameters, are increasingly being used to develop bioavailability-based water quality criteria for metals. However, models developed for the Northern Hemisphere cannot be adopted for Australia and New Zealand without first validating them against local species and local water chemistry characteristics. We investigated the applicability of zinc chronic bioavailability models to predict toxicity in a range of uncontaminated natural waters in Australia and New Zealand. Water chemistry data were compiled to guide a selection of waters with different zinc toxicity-modifying factors. Predicted toxicities using several bioavailability models were compared with observed chronic toxicities for the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and the native cladocerans Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia and Daphnia thomsoni. The most sensitive species to zinc in five New Zealand freshwaters was R. subcapitata (72-h growth rate), with toxicity ameliorated by high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or low pH, and hardness having a minimal influence. Zinc toxicity to D. thomsoni (reproduction) was ameliorated by both high DOC and hardness in these same waters. No single trophic level-specific effect concentration, 10% (EC10) MLR was the best predictor of chronic toxicity to the cladocerans, and MLRs based on EC10 values both over- and under-predicted zinc toxicity. The EC50 MLRs better predicted toxicities to both the Australian and New Zealand cladocerans to within a factor of 2 of the observed toxicities in most waters. These findings suggest that existing MLRs may be useful for normalizing local ecotoxicity data to derive water quality criteria for Australia and New Zealand. The final choice of models will depend on their predictive ability, level of protection, and ease of use. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2614-2629. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
例如，生物利用度模型（如水质参数的多元线性回归（MLR））越来越多地被用于为金属开发基于生物利用度的水质标准。然而，如果不首先针对当地物种和当地水化学特性对模型进行验证，就不能将在北半球开发的模型应用于澳大利亚和新西兰。我们调查了锌慢性生物利用度模型在预测澳大利亚和新西兰一系列未受污染的天然水中毒性的适用性。收集了水化学数据，以指导选择具有不同锌毒性调节因子的水。使用几种生物利用度模型预测的毒性与绿藻 Raphidocelis subcapitata 和本地枝角类 Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia 和 Daphnia thomsoni 的慢性毒性观察值进行了比较。在新西兰的五份淡水中，对锌最敏感的物种是绿藻 R. subcapitata（72 小时生长率），高溶解有机碳（DOC）或低 pH 值可减轻毒性，而硬度的影响最小。在这些相同的水中，DOC 和硬度都可减轻锌对 D. thomsoni（繁殖）的毒性。没有一种单一的营养级特异性效应浓度，10%（EC10）MLR 是预测枝角类慢性毒性的最佳指标，基于 EC10 值的 MLR 对锌毒性的预测过高和过低。EC50 MLR 可更好地预测澳大利亚和新西兰枝角类的毒性，在大多数水中，预测毒性与观察到的毒性相差不超过 2 倍。这些发现表明，现有的 MLR 可用于将当地生态毒性数据归一化为澳大利亚和新西兰的水质标准。模型的最终选择将取决于其预测能力、保护水平和易用性。环境毒理化学 2023；42:2614-2629。©2023 作者。环境毒理化学由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
