Pohlit W
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1986 Jun;134(6):364-9.
The environmental radiation burden of man in Germany is about 1 mGy (Milligray) per year. This is, of course, also valid for children. Due to diagnostical procedures this burden is increased to about 1.3 mGy. The question arises wether this can be neglected, or important consequences have to be drawn. To give a clear answer, the action of ionizing radiation in living cells and in organisms is explained in detail. Many of the radiation actions at the DNA can soon be repaired by the cell, if the radiation dose was small. Some damage, however will remain irreparable for the cell and consequently leads to cell death, to mutations or to cell transformation. The number of these lesion increases or decreases linearily with radiation dose. Therefore, it must be expected that the risk of tumour induction is increased to above the normal background even by the smallest doses. This small but not negligible risk has to be compared with other risks of civilization or with other medical risks. But also the benefit and the efficacy of diagnostic procedures have to be considered. A suitable cooperation of all medical doctors--not only of the radiologists--is recommended.
在德国，人类所承受的环境辐射剂量约为每年1毫戈瑞（mGy）。当然，这对儿童也同样适用。由于诊断程序，这一辐射剂量增加到了约1.3毫戈瑞。问题在于，这一剂量是否可以忽略不计，还是必须得出重要结论。为了给出明确答案，将详细解释电离辐射在活细胞和生物体中的作用。如果辐射剂量较小，细胞能够很快修复许多对DNA的辐射损伤。然而，一些损伤对细胞来说将仍然无法修复，从而导致细胞死亡、突变或细胞转化。这些损伤的数量随辐射剂量呈线性增加或减少。因此，必须预计到，即使是最小剂量的辐射也会使诱发肿瘤的风险增加到高于正常背景水平。这种微小但不可忽略的风险必须与其他文明风险或其他医疗风险相比较。同时，也必须考虑诊断程序的益处和效果。建议所有医生，而不仅仅是放射科医生，进行适当的协作。
