Department of Surgical Sciences, International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Adv Neurobiol. 2023;32:353-384. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_9.
Military personnel during combat or peacekeeping operations are exposed to extreme climates of hot or cold environments for longer durations. Spinal cord injury is quite common in military personnel following central nervous system (CNS) trauma indicating a possibility of altered pathophysiological responses at different ambient temperatures. Our previous studies show that the pathophysiology of brain injury is exacerbated in animals acclimated to cold (5 °C) or hot (30 °C) environments. In these diverse ambient temperature zones, trauma exacerbated oxidative stress generation inducing greater blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cell damage. Extracts of Ginkgo biloba EGb-761 and BN-52021 treatment reduces brain pathology following heat stress. This effect is further improved following TiO nanowired delivery in heat stress in animal models. Several studies indicate the role of EGb-761 in attenuating spinal cord induced neuronal damages and improved functional deficit. This is quite likely that these effects are further improved following nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and peptide fragments in spinal cord trauma. In this review, TiO nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with nanowired cerebrolysin is examined in a rat model of spinal cord injury at cold environment. Our results show that spinal cord injury aggravates cord pathology in cold-acclimated rats and nanowired delivery of EGb-761 and BN-52021 with cerebrolysin significantly induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier.
在战斗或维和行动中，军事人员会长时间暴露在炎热或寒冷的极端环境中。脊髓损伤在中枢神经系统（CNS）创伤后的军事人员中很常见，这表明在不同环境温度下可能会出现改变的病理生理反应。我们之前的研究表明，在适应寒冷（5°C）或炎热（30°C）环境的动物中，脑损伤的病理生理学恶化。在这些不同的环境温度区域中，创伤加剧了氧化应激的产生，导致血脑屏障（BBB）通透性和细胞损伤增加。银杏叶提取物 EGb-761 和 BN-52021 的提取物可减轻热应激后的脑损伤。在动物模型中，通过 TiO 纳米线输送进一步改善了这种效果。几项研究表明 EGb-761 在减轻脊髓诱导的神经元损伤和改善功能缺陷方面的作用。这很可能是由于 EGb-761 和 BN-52021 的纳米线输送与脑活素（几种神经营养因子和肽片段的平衡组成）结合后，其效果进一步改善。在这篇综述中，我们在寒冷环境下的脊髓损伤大鼠模型中检查了 EGb-761 和 BN-52021 的 TiO 纳米线输送与纳米线输送脑活素。我们的结果表明，脊髓损伤会加重寒冷适应大鼠的脊髓病理学，而 EGb-761 和 BN-52021 与脑活素的纳米线输送则显著诱导了以前未报道过的更好的神经保护作用。
