Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
Mol Immunol. 2023 Sep;161:11-24. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.07.004. Epub 2023 Jul 20.
This review evaluates the current modes of allergen-specific immunotherapy for cockroach allergens, in terms of clinical outcomes and explores future trends in the research and development needed for a more targeted cockroach immunotherapy approach with the best efficacy and minimum adverse effects.
Cockroach allergy is an important risk factor for allergic rhinitis in the tropics, that disproportionately affects children and young adults and those living in poor socio-economic environments. Immunotherapy would provide long-lasting improvement in quality of life, with reduced medication intake. However, the present treatment regime is long and has a risk of adverse effects. In addition, cockroach does not seem to have an immuno-dominant allergen, that has been traditionally used to treat allergies from other sources. Future trends of cockroach immunotherapy involve precision diagnosis, to correctly identify the offending allergen. Next, precision immunotherapy with standardized allergens, which have been processed in a way that maintains an immunological response without allergic reactions. This approach can be coupled with modern adjuvants and delivery systems that promote a Th1/Treg environment, thereby modulating the immune response away from the allergenic response.
本综述评估了目前针对蟑螂过敏原的变应原特异性免疫疗法的临床疗效，并探讨了未来在研究和开发方面的趋势，以期针对蟑螂免疫疗法进行更有针对性的研究，从而达到最佳疗效和最小不良反应。
蟑螂过敏是热带地区过敏性鼻炎的一个重要危险因素，它不成比例地影响儿童和青年以及生活在贫困社会经济环境中的人。免疫疗法可以改善生活质量，减少药物的摄入。然而，目前的治疗方案时间长，且有不良反应的风险。此外，蟑螂似乎没有免疫优势过敏原，而传统上使用该过敏原来治疗其他来源的过敏。蟑螂免疫疗法的未来趋势涉及精确诊断，以正确识别过敏原。接下来，使用标准化过敏原进行精准免疫治疗，这些过敏原经过处理后可以保持免疫反应而不引起过敏反应。这种方法可以与现代佐剂和输送系统结合使用，促进 Th1/Treg 环境，从而调节免疫反应，避免过敏原反应。
