School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
The Exotic Clinic, 9978600, Gezer, Israel.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 23;13(1):11888. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38981-2.
Describing animal space use is essential for understanding their ecological needs and for planning effective conservation schemes. Notably, certain biomes and life histories are understudied due to methodological challenges in tracking animals in their natural habitats. Specifically, both arid environments and nocturnal species are not sufficiently researched compared to diurnal species and to other biomes. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to properly prioritize habitats for species protection in areas undergoing human-related development. Here, we investigate the movement ecology of the Egyptian Nightjar (Caprimulgus aegyptius) in the arid Dead-sea region of Israel, the Palestinian Authority (the West Bank) and Jordan. This nocturnal insectivore is a cryptic desert-dweller and was considered locally extinct until it was rediscovered in 2016. For this work we tracked twelve individuals using GPS tags to determine how this resource-poor environment affects their home range, (predicting large areas), habitat use, and day-roost ecology. We found that the tracked Egyptian Nightjars had a much larger home range area than other Nightjar species, commuting nightly between foraging grounds and day-roosts. We found, as expected, intensive foraging activity at agricultural fields, where artificial irrigation likely supports higher resource (insect) density. Additionally, we found that individuals showed very high roosting site fidelity, often returning to the same specific site, located in extremely dry and exposed habitats, presumably for predator avoidance. This finding highlights the ecological value of these barren habitats that are often considered "lifeless" and therefore of lower priority for conservation. Consequently, our research demonstrates the importance of describing the space-use of nocturnal animals in arid habitats for conservation efforts.
描述动物的空间利用对于了解它们的生态需求以及规划有效的保护计划至关重要。值得注意的是,由于在自然栖息地中跟踪动物的方法学挑战,某些生物群落和生活史受到了研究不足。具体来说,与昼行物种和其他生物群落相比,干旱环境和夜行物种的研究还不够充分。这种知识差距阻碍了我们在人类相关发展地区为物种保护适当确定栖息地优先级的能力。在这里,我们研究了埃及夜鹰(Caprimulgus aegyptius)在以色列、巴勒斯坦权力机构(西岸)和约旦干旱的死海地区的运动生态学。这种夜行性食虫动物是一种隐蔽的沙漠居民,直到 2016 年才被重新发现,此前被认为在当地已经灭绝。为此,我们使用 GPS 标记跟踪了 12 只个体,以确定这种资源匮乏的环境如何影响它们的活动范围(预测大面积)、栖息地利用和日间栖息地生态。我们发现,被追踪的埃及夜鹰的活动范围比其他夜鹰物种大得多,每晚在觅食地和日间栖息地之间迁徙。我们发现,正如预期的那样,在农业领域有密集的觅食活动,人工灌溉可能支持更高的资源(昆虫)密度。此外,我们发现个体表现出非常高的栖息地固定性,经常返回位于极其干燥和暴露的栖息地的相同特定地点,大概是为了避免捕食者。这一发现强调了这些贫瘠栖息地的生态价值,这些栖息地通常被认为是“无生命的”,因此在保护方面的优先级较低。因此,我们的研究表明,在干旱栖息地中描述夜行动物的空间利用对于保护工作非常重要。