Students Scientific Group, Department of Children's Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Paediatr Int Child Health. 2022 Aug-Nov;42(3-4):142-147. doi: 10.1080/20469047.2023.2236480. Epub 2023 Jul 23.
Rabies is a fatal disease caused by the rabies virus, usually transmitted by a bite by an infected animal. Because there is no effective treatment, prophylaxis is crucial. The aim of the study was to analyse the circumstances of exposure, characterise the animals that were a potential source of infection and evaluate the frequency of post-exposure prophylaxis in children.
This was a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 494 children who had been bitten, scratched or salivated on by an animal and were seen consecutively between 2015 and 2019 in the Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw.
The study group was children aged 10 months to 17 years 11 months. The animals most commonly involved were dogs (347/494, 70.24%), cats (81/494 (16.40%) and squirrels (10/494, 2.02%). The contact was mainly with tame but unfamiliar animals (359/494, 72.67%, < 0.001). The most common type of exposure was a bite (457/494, 92.51%). Surgical wound care was required most often after exposure in a town (64/90, 71.11%). A total of 412 children (80.83%) received post-exposure vaccination, including 333/412 using the Essen regimen. In 13/412 cases, the vaccination schedule (3.16%) was not completed because of an absence of signs of disease during veterinary observation of the animal. Anti-rabies immunoglobulin was administered to 13/412 (3.16%).
Most children who are referred after being bitten by an animal require post-exposure prophylaxis. Children are usually bitten by tame dogs with which they are unfamiliar, mostly on the hand. Surgical wound care is needed more often for urban patients than others.
狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒引起的致命疾病，通常通过受感染动物的咬伤传播。由于目前尚无有效的治疗方法，预防就显得尤为重要。本研究旨在分析暴露情况，确定潜在感染源动物的特征，并评估儿童接受暴露后预防的频率。
这是一项对 2015 年至 2019 年期间在华沙医科大学儿科传染病科连续就诊的 494 名被动物咬伤、抓伤或唾液污染的儿童的病历进行的回顾性分析。
研究组为 10 个月至 17 岁 11 个月的儿童。最常见的动物是狗（347/494，70.24%）、猫（81/494（16.40%）和松鼠（10/494，2.02%）。接触的动物主要是温顺但不熟悉的动物（359/494，72.67%，<0.001）。最常见的暴露类型是咬伤（457/494，92.51%）。在城镇，受伤后最常需要手术伤口护理（64/90，71.11%）。共有 412 名儿童（80.83%）接受了暴露后疫苗接种，其中 333 名儿童（333/412）使用了 Essen 方案。在 13/412 例中，由于在兽医观察动物期间未发现疾病迹象，疫苗接种方案（3.16%）未完成。13/412（3.16%）例患者使用了狂犬病免疫球蛋白。
大多数因被动物咬伤而就诊的儿童需要接受暴露后预防。儿童通常被不熟悉的温顺狗咬伤，大多在手上。与其他患者相比，城市患者更需要手术伤口护理。
