Brunetto Sara, Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi, Ribas Werlang Isabel Cristina, Nunes Marina, Rechenmacher Ciliana, Marcelino Thiago Beltram, Homrich da Silva Clécio, Goldani Marcelo Zubaran
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 1;9(7):e17717. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17717. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Leptin concentrations in breast milk can influence metabolic programming during the first months of life. Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns show a peculiar growth pattern after birth, which can lead to adulthood diseases. This study aims to assess an association between leptin concentration in mature breast milk and the infant anthropometric indicators of the SGA and the non-SGA groups, in addition, to comparing the hormone level between these groups. A longitudinal study was performed with mother-infant pairs. The maternal sociodemographic information was collected in the first 48 h postpartum. Breast milk was collected at one month postpartum and leptin concentrations were obtained by immunoassays. The infant anthropometric measurements were collected at three and six months postpartum and included weight, height (to body mass index-BMI calculated), triceps skinfold (TSF), and subscapular skinfold (SSF). The BMI for age (BMI/A), TSF, and SSF were calculated by Z-score indicators. Data from 67 mother-infant pairs ( = 16 SGA and = 51 non-SGA) were analyzed. In univariate analyses, the breast milk of the SGA group had lower leptin concentrations than the non-SGA group ( = 0.006), however, after adjustment, there was no difference between groups ( = 0.181). In the SGA group, there was a significant association between leptin concentrations and lower SSF at six months in infants, after adjustment ( = 0.003). In the non-SGA group, the breast milk leptin was associated with lower BMI/A at three and six months in infants, after adjustment ( = 0.002 and = 0.010, respectively). The association between breast milk leptin concentrations with SSF in the SGA group and BMI/A in the non-SGA group suggests that leptin may be a modulating factor in infant growth in the first months of life.
母乳中的瘦素浓度会影响生命最初几个月的代谢编程。小于胎龄（SGA）新生儿出生后呈现出特殊的生长模式，这可能导致成年期疾病。本研究旨在评估成熟母乳中瘦素浓度与SGA组和非SGA组婴儿人体测量指标之间的关联，此外，还比较这两组之间的激素水平。对母婴对进行了一项纵向研究。在产后48小时内收集产妇的社会人口学信息。在产后1个月收集母乳，并通过免疫测定获得瘦素浓度。在产后3个月和6个月收集婴儿人体测量数据，包括体重、身高（计算体重指数-BMI）、三头肌皮褶厚度（TSF）和肩胛下皮褶厚度（SSF）。年龄别BMI（BMI/A）、TSF和SSF通过Z评分指标计算。分析了67对母婴对的数据（SGA组=16对，非SGA组=51对）。在单因素分析中，SGA组母乳中的瘦素浓度低于非SGA组（P=0.006），然而，调整后，两组之间没有差异（P=0.181）。在SGA组中，调整后，瘦素浓度与婴儿6个月时较低的SSF之间存在显著关联（P=0.003）。在非SGA组中，调整后，母乳瘦素与婴儿3个月和6个月时较低的BMI/A相关（分别为P=0.002和P=0.010）。SGA组母乳瘦素浓度与SSF以及非SGA组与BMI/A之间的关联表明，瘦素可能是生命最初几个月婴儿生长的调节因素。
