中国青少年和青年学生对新冠肺炎和精神障碍污名化看法的比较。
Comparison of stigmatizing views towards COVID-19 and mental disorders among adolescent and young adult students in China.
作者信息
Zhang Tian-Ming, Zhang Xin-Feng, Meng Xian-Dong, Huang Yi, Zhang Wei, Gong Hui-Hui, Chan Sherry Kit Wa, Chen Xiao-Chuan, Gao Ru, Lewis-Fernández Roberto, Fan Yuan-Yuan, Liu Chang-Cheng, Huang Lu, Deng Xiao-Peng, Liu Bo, Ran Mao-Sheng
机构信息
Department of Social Work, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
出版信息
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 6;14:1170540. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170540. eCollection 2023.
OBJECTIVE
Infectious diseases including COVID-19 and mental disorders are two of the most common health conditions associated with stigma. However, the comparative stigma of these two conditions has received less attention in research. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of stigmatizing views toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders and the factors associated with these views, among a large sample of adolescent and young adult students in China.
METHODS
A total of 9,749 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years completed a survey on stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 and mental disorders, as well as mental health-related factors, including general mental health status and symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with stigmatizing views.
FINDINGS
The prevalence of COVID-19 and mental disorders-related stigma was 17.2% and 40.7%, respectively. COVID-19-related stigma scores were significantly higher among male students (β = 0.025, < 0.05), those without quarantine experience (β = 0.035, < 0.001), those with lower educational level ( < 0.001), those with lower family income ( < 0.01), and those with higher PTSD symptoms (β = 0.045, < 0.05). Mental disorder-related stigma scores were significantly higher among individuals with average and lower-than-average levels of family income ( < 0.01), depression symptoms (β = 0.056, < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.051, < 0.001), and mental health problems (β = 0.027, < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The stigma of mental disorders is higher in the youth population than the stigma of COVID-19. Factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders varied across the youth. Stigma-reduction interventions among the youth should be targeted specifically to COVID-19 or mental disorders conditions.
目的
包括新冠肺炎在内的传染病和精神障碍是与污名化相关的两种最常见的健康状况。然而，这两种状况的相对污名化在研究中受到的关注较少。本研究旨在比较中国大量青少年和青年学生中对新冠肺炎患者和精神障碍患者的污名化观点的流行情况以及与这些观点相关的因素。
方法
共有9749名15至24岁的青少年和青年完成了一项关于对新冠肺炎和精神障碍的污名化态度以及心理健康相关因素的调查，这些因素包括一般心理健康状况以及抑郁、焦虑、失眠和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的症状。进行多变量线性回归分析以确定与污名化观点相关的因素。
结果
与新冠肺炎和精神障碍相关的污名化流行率分别为17.2%和40.7%。男学生（β = 0.025，P < 0.05）、没有隔离经历的学生（β = 0.035，P < 0.001）、教育水平较低的学生（P < 0.001）、家庭收入较低的学生（P < 0.01）以及创伤后应激障碍症状较高的学生（β = 0.045，P < 0.05）中与新冠肺炎相关的污名化得分显著更高。家庭收入处于平均水平及低于平均水平的个体（P < 0.01）、有抑郁症状的个体（β = 0.056，P < 0.001）、有焦虑症状的个体（β = 0.051，P < 0.001）以及有心理健康问题的个体（β = 0.027，P < 0.05）中与精神障碍相关的污名化得分显著更高。
结论
青年人群中精神障碍的污名化程度高于新冠肺炎的污名化程度。青少年中与对新冠肺炎患者和精神障碍患者的污名化态度相关的因素各不相同。针对青少年的减少污名化干预措施应分别针对新冠肺炎或精神障碍状况。
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