Departamento de Agronomía (Unit of Excellence 'María de Maeztu' 2020-24), ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Departamento de Fruticultura Mediterránea, IFAPA, Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
Plant Dis. 2023 Dec;107(12):3737-3753. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-23-0759-RE. Epub 2023 Dec 6.
In 2016, an almond () decline syndrome (ADS) emerged in intensive almond plantations in the Andalusia region (southern Spain), showing branch dieback, gummosis, and general tree decline. The aim of this work was to elucidate the etiology of this disease complex. For this purpose, surveys were conducted across the Andalusia region, and a wide collection of fungi was recovered from wood samples showing gum and internal discoloration. Representative isolates were selected and identified by sequencing ITS, TEF1, TUB, ACT, LSU, and/or RPB2 genes. The following fungal species were identified to be associated with the disease: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , s.l., , , , , and sp. All isolates were tested for pathogenicity by inoculating detached or attached almond shoots. and were the most aggressive species, showing the largest lesions and most gummosis in attached shoots. The results suggest that the species belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae play a key role in disease development, while the remaining identified species may act as secondary pathogens or endophytes. However, further research to determine the interaction between all these fungal species and other biotic and abiotic factors in the ADS progress is needed.
2016 年，西班牙南部安达卢西亚地区（Andalusia region）密集的杏仁种植园出现了杏仁衰退综合征（almond decline syndrome，ADS），表现为树枝枯萎、流胶和整体树木衰退。本研究旨在阐明这种复杂疾病的病因。为此，在安达卢西亚地区进行了调查，并从显示胶状和内部变色的木材样本中回收了广泛的真菌。选择具有代表性的分离物，并通过测序 ITS、TEF1、TUB、ACT、LSU 和/或 RPB2 基因进行鉴定。鉴定出以下与该疾病相关的真菌物种：、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、和 sp. 所有分离物均通过接种离体或附着的杏仁嫩枝进行致病性测试。和是最具侵略性的物种，在附着的嫩枝上表现出最大的病变和最严重的流胶。结果表明，属于 Botryosphaeriaceae 的物种在疾病发展中起关键作用，而其余鉴定的物种可能作为次要病原体或内生菌。然而，需要进一步研究以确定 ADS 进展中所有这些真菌物种与其他生物和非生物因素之间的相互作用。
