Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA.
Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, Wyoming 82070, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2023 Oct 1;59(4):767-773. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-22-00161.
A Eurasian strain of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was first detected in North America in December 2021 and has since been confirmed in numerous wild and domestic avian species. In April 2022, 41 Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were found dead in Johnson County, Wyoming, USA adjacent to a property with confirmed HPAIV in a backyard poultry flock. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 11 of the 41 turkeys and necropsy was performed on seven. Avian influenza virus RNA was detected in all 11 turkeys by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Acute, multiorgan necrosis was observed grossly and identified in all seven turkeys evaluated by histopathology, most consistently in the lung, spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and gonads. Lesions indicate high virulence of subclade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV in Wild Turkeys, with infections presenting as clusters of acute mortality. Although documented cases of HPAIV in Wild Turkeys are rare, these findings signify a risk of spillback from domestic poultry, which may be heightened by the recent rise in backyard poultry ownership and the use of peridomestic habitat by wild birds. Additional research is needed to better understand the risk of disease transmission at the interface of Wild Turkeys and backyard poultry and the potential conservation and management implications of HPAIV in wild gallinaceous birds.
一种欧亚 H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）于 2021 年 12 月首次在北美被发现，此后已在众多野生和家养禽类物种中得到确认。2022 年 4 月，在美国怀俄明州约翰逊县，有 41 只野生火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo）死亡，这些火鸡毗邻一个后院家禽养殖场，该养殖场的家禽中确认有 HPAIV。从 41 只火鸡中采集了 11 只的咽拭子，并对 7 只进行了解剖。通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应，在所有 11 只火鸡中均检测到了禽流感病毒 RNA。在通过组织病理学评估的 7 只火鸡中，所有火鸡均表现出急性、多器官坏死，最常见的病变部位是肺、脾、肝、胃肠道和生殖腺。病变表明，亚系 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV 在野生火鸡中具有高毒力，感染呈急性死亡率集群。尽管野生火鸡中 HPAIV 的病例很少见，但这些发现表明了从家禽中溢出的风险，而最近后院家禽养殖的增加以及野生鸟类对周边栖息地的利用可能会加剧这种风险。需要进一步研究，以更好地了解野生火鸡和后院家禽之间疾病传播的风险，以及野生禽类中 HPAIV 的潜在保护和管理意义。
