Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, F75012 Paris, France.
UMR 8504 Géographie-cités (CNRS, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Université Paris Cité, EHESS), France.
Environ Int. 2023 Aug;178:108095. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108095. Epub 2023 Jul 18.
The urban environment plays an important role for the mental health of residents. Researchers mainly focus on residential neighbourhoods as exposure context, leaving aside the effects of non-residential environments. In order to consider the daily experience of urban spaces, a people-based approach focused on mobility paths is needed. Applying this approach, (1) this study investigated whether individuals' momentary mental well-being is related to the exposure to micro-urban spaces along the daily mobility paths within the two previous hours; (2) it explored whether these associations differ when environmental exposures are defined considering all location points or only outdoor location points; and (3) it examined the associations between the types of activity and mobility and momentary depressive symptomatology. Using a geographically-explicit ecological momentary assessment approach (GEMA), momentary depressive symptomatology of 216 older adults living in the Ile-de-France region was assessed using smartphone surveys, while participants were tracked with a GPS receiver and an accelerometer for seven days. Exposure to multiple elements of the streetscape was computed within a street network buffer of 25 m of each GPS point over the two hours prior to the questionnaire. Mobility and activity type were documented from a GPS-based mobility survey. We estimated Bayesian generalized mixed effect models with random effects at the individual and day levels and took into account time autocorrelation. We also estimated fixed effects. A better momentary mental wellbeing was observed when residents performed leisure activities or were involved in active mobility and when they were exposed to walkable areas (pedestrian dedicated paths, open spaces, parks and green areas), water elements, and commerce, leisure and cultural attractors over the previous two hours. These relationships were stronger when exposures were defined based only on outdoor location points rather than all location points, and when we considered within-individual differences compared to between-individual differences.
城市环境对居民的心理健康起着重要作用。研究人员主要关注居住社区作为暴露环境，而忽略了非居住环境的影响。为了考虑城市空间的日常体验，需要采用一种以人为本、关注移动路径的方法。应用这种方法，（1）本研究调查了个体的即时心理健康是否与前两小时内日常移动路径上的微观城市空间暴露有关；（2）探讨了在考虑所有位置点或仅室外位置点时，这些关联是否存在差异；（3）研究了活动和移动类型与瞬间抑郁症状之间的关联。本研究采用具有地理明确性的生态瞬间评估方法（GEMA），通过智能手机调查评估了居住在法兰西岛地区的 216 名老年人的即时抑郁症状，同时使用 GPS 接收器和加速度计跟踪他们七天。在问卷调查前两小时内，根据每个 GPS 点 25 米的街道网络缓冲区计算了对街道景观多个元素的暴露。从基于 GPS 的移动性调查中记录了移动性和活动类型。我们估计了具有个体和天层次随机效应的贝叶斯广义混合效应模型，并考虑了时间自相关。我们还估计了固定效应。当居民在前两个小时内进行休闲活动或参与积极的移动，并且当他们暴露于可步行区域（行人专用路径、开放空间、公园和绿色区域）、水元素以及商业、休闲和文化吸引物时，他们的即时心理健康状况更好。当仅根据室外位置点而不是所有位置点定义暴露时，以及当我们考虑个体内差异而不是个体间差异时，这些关系更强。
