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七国集团、澳大利亚和新西兰的皮肤癌预防:立法和指南综述。

Skin Cancer Prevention across the G7, Australia and New Zealand: A Review of Legislation and Guidelines.

机构信息

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.

出版信息

Curr Oncol. 2023 Jun 23;30(7):6019-6040. doi: 10.3390/curroncol30070450.

Abstract

Incidence rates of melanoma and keratinocyte skin cancers have been on the rise globally in recent decades. While there has been a select focus on personal sun protection awareness, to our knowledge, there is a paucity of legislation in place to help support citizens' efforts to protect themselves from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Given this, we conducted a comprehensive review of legislation and guidelines pertaining to a variety of sun protection-related topics in countries of the Group of Seven (G7), Australia and New Zealand. Australia was the only country to have banned tanning beds for individuals of all ages, while other select countries have instituted bans for minors. In workplace policy, there is very little recognition of the danger of occupational UVR exposure in outdoor workers, and thus very few protective measures are in place. With regard to sports and recreation, certain dermatological/professional associations have put forward recommendations, but no legislation was brought forward by government bodies outside of Australia and New Zealand. With regard to youth, while there are various guidelines and frameworks in place across several countries, adherence remains difficult in the absence of concrete legislation and standardization of procedures. Finally, only Australia and a few select jurisdictions in the United States have implemented sales tax exemptions for sunscreen products. In light of our findings, we have made several recommendations, which we anticipate will help reduce the rates of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers in years to come. However, minimizing UVR exposure is not without risk, and we, therefore, suggest the promotion of vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with sun protective practices to limit potential harm.

摘要

近年来,全球范围内黑色素瘤和角质形成细胞皮肤癌的发病率一直在上升。虽然人们已经关注到个人防晒意识,但据我们所知,目前还缺乏立法来支持公民保护自己免受紫外线辐射(UVR)有害影响的努力。有鉴于此,我们对七国集团(G7)、澳大利亚和新西兰的各种与防晒相关的主题的立法和指南进行了全面审查。澳大利亚是唯一一个禁止所有年龄段个人使用日光浴床的国家,而其他一些国家则对未成年人实施了禁令。在工作场所政策方面,很少有人认识到户外工作者职业性 UVR 暴露的危险,因此很少采取保护措施。在体育和娱乐方面,某些皮肤科/专业协会提出了建议,但除了澳大利亚和新西兰之外,政府机构没有提出任何立法。至于年轻人,虽然有几个国家都制定了各种准则和框架,但由于缺乏具体立法和程序标准化,遵守情况仍然很困难。最后,只有澳大利亚和美国的一些选定司法管辖区对防晒霜产品实施了销售税豁免。鉴于我们的发现,我们提出了一些建议,我们预计这些建议将有助于降低未来几年黑色素瘤和角质形成细胞癌的发病率。然而,减少 UVR 暴露并非没有风险,因此,我们建议在进行防晒的同时促进维生素 D 的补充,以限制潜在的危害。

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