Abatemam Halima, Wordofa Mulumebet Abera, Worku Bekelu Teka
Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023 Jul 25;3(7):e0001819. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001819. eCollection 2023.
The current recommendation obligates children to receive all vaccines within two years of birth. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in Ethiopia to increase the immunization rate by 10% annually and to reach 100% in 10 years but not been achieved in twenty years. Missed opportunity for vaccination (MOV) is one of the major factors in vaccination coverage. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of MOV and associated factors in Jimma Town public health facilities. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed with a quantitative data collection method. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, and data extraction methods and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The statistical association was decided at p-value <0.05 with 95% CI, and AOR. A total of 422 children were involved in this study making a 100% response rate. The magnitude of MOV was 39.8% (95%CI: 35-45). Parents/caretakers have not attended formal education (AOR = 4.65, CI:1.64-13.24), residing in rural (AOR = 2.60, CI: 1.35-5.03), poor knowledge about immunization (AOR = 2.61, CI: 1.58-4.30), the child not assessed for vaccination status (AOR = 3.01, CI: 1.65-5.49), and parents/caretakers not seen/heard vaccination message in the last month (AOR = 2.42, CI: 1.40-4.18) were statistically positively associated with the MOV. In conclusion, this study indicated that MOV among the children was high in the study facilities. The researchers recommended stakeholders work on strengthening community awareness creation. Additionally, further study incorporating physician-related factors is also suggested.
目前的建议要求儿童在出生后两年内接种所有疫苗。埃塞俄比亚设立了扩大免疫规划（EPI），目标是每年将免疫接种率提高10%，并在10年内达到100%，但二十年来一直未实现这一目标。疫苗接种错失机会（MOV）是影响疫苗接种覆盖率的主要因素之一。因此，本研究旨在评估吉马镇公共卫生机构中MOV的患病率及其相关因素。采用基于机构的横断面研究设计和定量数据收集方法。样本量使用单总体比例公式计算。通过面对面访谈收集数据，采用数据提取方法，并使用SPSS 26版进行分析。统计学关联以p值<0.05、95%置信区间和调整后比值比（AOR）来判定。本研究共纳入422名儿童，应答率为100%。MOV的发生率为39.8%（95%CI：35 - 45）。父母/照顾者未接受过正规教育（AOR = 4.65，CI：1.64 - 13.24）、居住在农村（AOR = 2.60，CI：1.35 - 5.03）、对免疫接种知识了解不足（AOR = 2.61，CI：1.58 - 4.30）、儿童未接受疫苗接种状态评估（AOR = 3.01，CI：1.65 - 5.49）以及父母/照顾者在过去一个月内未看到/听到疫苗接种信息（AOR = 2.42，CI：1.40 - 4.18）与MOV在统计学上呈正相关。总之，本研究表明研究机构中儿童的MOV发生率较高。研究人员建议利益相关者致力于加强社区宣传。此外，还建议进一步开展纳入医生相关因素的研究。
