Brückl R, Grunert S, Rosemeyer B
Radiologe. 1986 Jun;26(6):305-9.
The method developed by Rippstein and Müller allows mathematically exact determination of the femoral neck-shaft angle (CCD) and the angle of torsion (AT); at a deviation of 5 degrees--10 degrees from the prescribed position of the patient considerable errors (up to more than 15 degrees) can occur. For this reason two alternative methods are cited and described in detail: cinematographic determination of the CCD and AT angle according to Schwetlick and the combination of determination of the AT angle in exterior rotation according to Rogers and an anteroposterior roentgenogram of the pelvis and hips in interior rotation of the size of the AT angle. Both methods are also mathematically exact, but, in addition almost independent from minor deviations in the positioning of the patient. It is advisable to apply one of the cited methods in cases of high AT-angle values (much greater than 30 degrees), in cases where the placing of the patient is difficult and where the determination of the angles would require major therapeutic measurement.
里普施泰因和米勒开发的方法能够通过数学精确测定股骨颈干角（CCD）和扭转角（AT）；当患者位置偏离规定位置5度至10度时，可能会出现相当大的误差（高达15度以上）。因此，本文引用并详细描述了两种替代方法：根据施韦特利克的方法通过电影摄影测定CCD和AT角，以及根据罗杰斯的方法在外旋时测定AT角，并结合骨盆和髋关节在内旋时AT角大小的前后位X线片。这两种方法在数学上也很精确，而且几乎不受患者定位微小偏差的影响。在AT角值较高（远大于30度）的情况下、患者摆放困难的情况下以及角度测定需要进行主要治疗测量的情况下，建议采用上述方法之一。
