Blanco-Aparicio Marina, García-Río Francisco José, González-Barcala Francisco Javier, Jiménez-Ruiz Carlos A, Muñoz Xavier, Plaza Vicente, Soto-Campos José Gregorio, Urrutia-Landa Isabel, Almonacid Carlos, Peces-Barba Gregorio, Álvarez-Gutiérrez Francisco Javier
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, España.
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, España.
Open Respir Arch. 2023 Apr 17;5(2):100245. doi: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100245. eCollection 2023 Apr-Jun.
Asthma is a disease with high prevalence, which affects all age groups and generates high health and social care costs. Studies carried out in a number of populations show great variability in its prevalence, even in geographically close populations, with data suggesting a relevant influence of socio-economic factors. At present, we do not have reliable data on the prevalence of this disease in the adult population of Spain. The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of asthma in the Spanish population for those aged 18-79, to describe the variability between autonomous communities, to estimate the prevalence of under and overdiagnosis, to analyse the prevalence of uncontrolled asthma and steroid-dependent asthma, to evaluate the health care cost, to identify the most frequent phenotypes and to establish a starting point to evaluate the temporal trend with subsequent studies.
A cross-sectional, two-stage study will be carried out, including patients from 50 catchment areas. The study will be carried out in 3 phases: 1) screening and confirmation in the clinical history, in which patients with a previously correctly established diagnosis of asthma will be identified; 2) diagnosis of asthma to evaluate patients without a confirmed or excluded diagnosis; 3) characterization of asthma, where the characteristics of the asthmatic patients will be analysed, identifying the most frequent phenotypes.
It seems necessary and feasible to carry out an epidemiological study of asthma in Spain to identify the prevalence of asthma, to optimize healthcare planning, to characterize the most frequent phenotypes of the disease, and to evaluate inaccurate diagnoses.
哮喘是一种高发性疾病，影响所有年龄组，产生高昂的医疗和社会护理成本。在许多人群中开展的研究表明，其患病率差异很大，即使在地理位置相近的人群中也是如此，数据表明社会经济因素有显著影响。目前，我们没有关于西班牙成年人口中这种疾病患病率的可靠数据。本研究的目的是估计西班牙18至79岁人群中哮喘的患病率，描述自治区之间的差异，估计诊断不足和诊断过度的患病率，分析未控制哮喘和激素依赖型哮喘的患病率，评估医疗保健成本，确定最常见的表型，并为后续研究评估时间趋势建立一个起点。
将开展一项横断面两阶段研究，纳入来自50个集水区的患者。该研究将分三个阶段进行：1）临床病史筛查和确认，在此阶段识别先前已正确确诊哮喘的患者；2）哮喘诊断，以评估未确诊或未排除诊断的患者；3）哮喘特征描述，在此阶段分析哮喘患者的特征，确定最常见的表型。
在西班牙开展哮喘流行病学研究似乎有必要且可行，以确定哮喘的患病率，优化医疗规划，描述该疾病最常见的表型，并评估不准确的诊断。
