The Influence of Body Mass Index on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion: Institutional Experience and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND

An obesity paradox, whereby patients with higher body mass index (BMI) experience improved outcomes, has been described for ischemic stroke. It is unclear whether this applies to patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO).

METHODS

Mechanical thrombectomies for anterior circulation LVO between 2015 and 2021 at a single institution were reviewed. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the association between BMI and favorable functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale 0-2), intracranial hemorrhage, and malignant middle cerebral infarction. A systematic review was performed to identify studies reporting the effect of BMI on outcomes among patients receiving MT for LVO. The data from the systematic review were combined with the institutional data by using a random effects model.

RESULTS

The institutional cohort comprised 390 patients with a median BMI of 27 kg/m. Most patients were obese [36.7% (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m)], followed by overweight [30.5% (BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m)], normal [27.9% (BMI ≥ 18.5 and < 25 kg/m)], and underweight [4.9% (BMI < 18.5 kg/m)]. As a continuous variable, BMI was not associated with any of the outcomes. When analyzing BMI ordinally, obesity was associated with lower odds of favorable 90-day modified Rankin Scale (odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.86). The systematic review identified three eligible studies comprising 1,348 patients for a total of 1,738 patients. In the random effects model, there was no association between obesity and favorable outcome (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.24).

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity is not associated with favorable outcomes in patients undergoing MT for LVO.