Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin Street, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2023 Sep;46(3):487-503. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.006. Epub 2023 Jun 4.
Substance use disorder (SUD) is among the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality and imposes significant health, economic, and social burdens. Gender differences have been found in the development, course, and treatment of SUD, with women at increased risk for physiologic and psychosocial consequences compared with men. Reasons for these differences are multifold and include biological, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. This article discusses SUD among women, emphasizing clinical considerations for care. Specific topics include epidemiology, sex and gender differences, common comorbidities, screening, diagnosis, treatment, pregnancy, and sociocultural factors.
物质使用障碍（SUD）是导致早发性发病和死亡的主要原因之一，给健康、经济和社会带来了重大负担。已经发现 SUD 的发展、病程和治疗存在性别差异，与男性相比，女性面临更大的生理和心理社会后果风险。这些差异的原因有很多，包括生物、遗传、环境和行为因素。本文讨论了女性中的 SUD，强调了护理的临床注意事项。具体主题包括流行病学、性别差异、常见合并症、筛查、诊断、治疗、怀孕和社会文化因素。
