Wyndham C H
S Afr Med J. 1986 Aug 30;70(5):281-2.
Mortality rates (MRs)/100,000 for 1980 were calculated for black infants under 1 year of age for all causes of death and for the leading causes of death--gastro-enteritis, ill-defined causes, perinatal conditions, and the pneumonias--in three regions, Soweto, the 34 'selected' magisterial districts (all urban) and the rural areas in the RSA. The results showed a low MR for all causes of death (2813,7/100,000) and a low ranking of gastro-enteritis (third) in Soweto. In contrast the infant health situation in the 34 'selected' magisterial districts showed an MR from all causes of death which was three times higher (8,594/100,000) than in Soweto and gastro-enteritis was the leading cause of death with an MR 10 times higher than in Soweto. If the infant deaths and infant population in Soweto are subtracted from these figures in the 34 'selected' magisterial districts the MR is 10,156,8/100,000. Valid comparisons between the MRs of the rural areas and either Soweto or the 34 'selected' magisterial districts cannot be made. The MRs of the causes of death in the rural areas of 3,456/100,000 are palpably incorrect and due to under-reporting. An estimation of the under-reporting is that at least 20,000 infant deaths in rural areas were not reported in 1980, compared with the 14,327 deaths which were reported.
计算了1980年南非索韦托、34个“选定”行政区（均为城市地区）和农村地区1岁以下黑人婴儿因所有死因以及主要死因（肠胃炎、死因不明、围产期疾病和肺炎）导致的死亡率（每10万人）。结果显示，索韦托所有死因的死亡率较低（2813.7/10万），肠胃炎的排名较低（第三）。相比之下，34个“选定”行政区的婴儿健康状况显示，所有死因的死亡率比索韦托高三倍（8594/10万），肠胃炎是主要死因，其死亡率比索韦托高10倍。如果从34个“选定”行政区的这些数据中减去索韦托的婴儿死亡数和婴儿人口数，死亡率为10156.8/10万。无法对农村地区与索韦托或34个“选定”行政区的死亡率进行有效比较。农村地区死因的死亡率为3456/10万，明显有误，原因是报告不足。据估计，1980年农村地区至少有2万例婴儿死亡未报告，而报告的死亡数为14327例。
