Aich Walid, Javid Khurram, Tag-ElDin El Sayed Mohamed, Ghachem Kaouther, Ullah Irfan, Iqbal Muhammad Asad, Khan Sami Ullah, Kolsi Lioua
Department of Mechanical Engineering , College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Mathematics, Northern University, Wattar-Walli Road, Nowshera, 24110, KPK, Pakistan.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 5;9(7):e17644. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17644. eCollection 2023 Jul.
In the advance studies, researchers have performed productive research contributions in the field of nanofluid mechanics under various biological assumptions. These contributions are fruitful to understand the applications of nanofluids in the various fields such as hybrid-powered engine, heart-diagnose, to prevent numerous diseases, heat exchanger, pharmaceutical processes, etc. The current analysis explores the combined effects of heat generation and chemical reaction on the peristaltic flow of viscoplastic nanofluid through a non-uniform (divergent) channel. The physical effects of second-order velocity slip, thermal slip and mass slip parameters on the rheological characteristics are also considered. To describe non-Newtonian effects, the Casson fluid is deployed. The greater wavelength assumption and low Reynolds number theory are used to attain the rheological equations. Numerical solutions of these governing equations associated with suitable boundary conditions are obtained via Mathematica symbolic software. The velocity magnitude of Casson fluid is higher than associated with Newtonian fluid. Radiation parameter has a vigorous impact in the reduction (enhancement) of temperature (mass concentration) profile. The porous parameter has a remarkable impact in reduction of temperature and velocity profile. Thermal enhancement is perceived by intensifying the chemical reaction parameter, and opposite inclination is noticed in mass concentration. Temperature has been demonstrated to be increased by increasing the Darcy number. The magnitudes of both axial velocity and temperature distribution are smaller in the presence of second-order velocity slip parameters effect as compared with no-slip condition. The magnitudes of axial velocity and mass (or, nanoparticle) concentration are augmented by accumulating the Prandtl number. A rise in Brownian parameter is noticed to depress the mass concentration. The present study has been used in bio-mechanical processes, nanomaterial devices, heat transfer enhancement, radiators, and electronics cooling systems.
在前期研究中，研究人员在各种生物学假设下，在纳米流体力学领域做出了富有成效的研究贡献。这些贡献对于理解纳米流体在混合动力发动机、心脏诊断、预防多种疾病、热交换器、制药工艺等各个领域的应用非常有帮助。当前的分析探讨了热生成和化学反应对粘塑性纳米流体通过非均匀（发散）通道的蠕动流的综合影响。还考虑了二阶速度滑移、热滑移和质量滑移参数对流变特性的物理影响。为了描述非牛顿效应，采用了卡森流体。利用较大波长假设和低雷诺数理论来得到流变方程。通过Mathematica符号软件获得了与合适边界条件相关的这些控制方程的数值解。卡森流体的速度大小高于牛顿流体。辐射参数对温度（质量浓度）分布的降低（增强）有强烈影响。多孔参数对温度和速度分布的降低有显著影响。通过强化化学反应参数可实现热增强，而在质量浓度方面则观察到相反的趋势。已证明通过增加达西数会使温度升高。与无滑移条件相比，在存在二阶速度滑移参数效应时，轴向速度和温度分布的大小较小。通过增加普朗特数可增大轴向速度和质量（或纳米颗粒）浓度的大小。注意到布朗参数的增加会降低质量浓度。本研究已应用于生物力学过程、纳米材料装置、强化传热、散热器和电子冷却系统。
