Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 28;13(7):688. doi: 10.3390/bios13070688.
Tremendous interest in research of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is driven by the participation of vesicles in a number of biological processes in the human body. Being released by almost all cells of the body, sEVs present in complex bodily fluids form the so-called intercellular communication network. The isolation and profiling of individual fractions of sEVs secreted by pathological cells are significant in revealing their physiological functions and clinical importance. Traditional methods for isolation and purification of sEVs from bodily fluids are facing a number of challenges, such as low yield, presence of contaminants, long-term operation and high costs, which restrict their routine practical applications. Methods providing a high yield of sEVs with a low content of impurities are actively developing. Bead-assisted platforms are very effective for trapping sEVs with high recovery yield and sufficient purity for further molecular profiling. Here, we review recent advances in the enrichment of sEVs via bead-assisted platforms emphasizing the type of binding sEVs to the bead surface, sort of capture and target ligands and isolation performance. Further, we discuss integration-based technologies for the capture and detection of sEVs as well as future research directions in this field.
人们对小细胞外囊泡 (sEVs) 的研究产生了浓厚的兴趣，这是因为囊泡参与了人体的许多生物过程。sEVs 几乎由体内所有细胞释放，存在于复杂的体液中，形成所谓的细胞间通讯网络。分离和分析病理细胞分泌的 sEVs 的各个部分对于揭示其生理功能和临床重要性具有重要意义。从体液中分离和纯化 sEVs 的传统方法面临着一些挑战，例如产量低、存在污染物、操作时间长和成本高，这些都限制了它们的常规实际应用。因此，能够提供高产量、低杂质含量的 sEVs 的方法正在积极开发中。基于珠粒的平台对于捕获 sEVs 非常有效，具有高回收率和足够的纯度，可用于进一步的分子分析。在这里，我们综述了通过基于珠粒的平台来富集 sEVs 的最新进展，重点介绍了 sEVs 与珠粒表面结合的类型、捕获和靶标配体的类型以及分离性能。此外，我们还讨论了基于整合的 sEVs 捕获和检测技术以及该领域未来的研究方向。
