Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China.
Theranostics. 2022 Sep 6;12(15):6548-6575. doi: 10.7150/thno.74305. eCollection 2022.
Extracellular vesicles, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are now accepted as important messengers in cell-to-cell communication and as a promising drug delivery platform. They are involved in nearly all physiological and pathological processes and are involved in disease diagnosis and therapy. However, their heterogeneity of physicochemical properties and functions is not fully understood, which hinders further clinical applications. To obtain highly bioactive sEVs with both high yield and purity, will certainly facilitate their future study and application. This review informs up-to-date research on frequently-used and cutting-edge technologies of sEVs isolation and makes a deep comparison and analysis of different methods, including their advantages, limitations and applications. Pending questions about the inherent property of these small vesicles as well as isolation strategies are discussed. Additionally, an overview of their applications in disease diagnosis and treatment, including some of the on-going clinical trials, are also reviewed.
细胞外囊泡，特别是小细胞外囊泡 (sEVs)，现在被认为是细胞间通讯的重要信使，也是一种很有前途的药物传递平台。它们参与了几乎所有的生理和病理过程，并参与了疾病的诊断和治疗。然而，它们在理化性质和功能上的异质性还没有被完全理解，这阻碍了它们的进一步临床应用。为了获得具有高产率和高纯度的高生物活性 sEVs，肯定会促进它们未来的研究和应用。本综述介绍了 sEVs 分离的常用和前沿技术的最新研究进展，并对不同方法进行了深入的比较和分析，包括它们的优点、局限性和应用。讨论了这些小囊泡的固有性质和分离策略方面的一些待解决问题。此外，还综述了它们在疾病诊断和治疗中的应用，包括一些正在进行的临床试验。
