Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 30;13(7):695. doi: 10.3390/bios13070695.
Bacteria are similar to social organisms that engage in critical interactions with one another, forming spatially structured communities. Despite extensive research on the composition, structure, and communication of bacteria, the mechanisms behind their interactions and biofilm formation are not yet fully understood. To address this issue, scanning probe techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), and scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM) have been utilized to analyze bacteria. This review article focuses on summarizing the use of electrochemical scanning probes for investigating bacteria, including analysis of electroactive metabolites, enzymes, oxygen consumption, ion concentrations, pH values, biofilms, and quorum sensing molecules to provide a better understanding of bacterial interactions and communication. SECM has been combined with other techniques, such as AFM, inverted optical microscopy, SICM, and fluorescence microscopy. This allows a comprehensive study of the surfaces of bacteria while also providing more information on their metabolic activity. In general, the use of scanning probes for the detection of bacteria has shown great promise and has the potential to provide a powerful tool for the study of bacterial physiology and the detection of bacterial infections.
细菌类似于进行关键相互作用的社会生物，形成空间结构的群落。尽管对细菌的组成、结构和通讯进行了广泛的研究，但它们相互作用和生物膜形成的机制仍未完全了解。为了解决这个问题，已经利用扫描探针技术（如原子力显微镜（AFM）、扫描电化学显微镜（SECM）、扫描电化学池显微镜（SECCM）和扫描离子传导显微镜（SICM））来分析细菌。这篇综述文章重点总结了电化学扫描探针在研究细菌方面的应用，包括分析电活性代谢物、酶、耗氧量、离子浓度、pH 值、生物膜和群体感应分子，以更好地了解细菌的相互作用和通讯。SECM 已经与其他技术（如 AFM、倒置光学显微镜、SICM 和荧光显微镜）结合使用。这允许对细菌表面进行全面研究，同时提供更多关于其代谢活性的信息。总的来说，使用扫描探针检测细菌显示出巨大的潜力，并有可能为研究细菌生理学和检测细菌感染提供有力的工具。
