Zhong Jiaming, Huang Wei, Zhou Huamin
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2023 Jul 2;8(3):284. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8030284.
Modern material design aims to achieve multifunctionality through integrating structures in a diverse range, resulting in simple materials with embedded functions. Biological materials and organisms are typical examples of this concept, where complex functionalities are achieved through a limited material base. This review highlights the multiscale structural and functional integration of representative natural organisms and materials, as well as biomimetic examples. The impact, wear, and crush resistance properties exhibited by mantis shrimp and ironclad beetle during predation or resistance offer valuable inspiration for the development of structural materials in the aerospace field. Investigating cyanobacteria that thrive in extreme environments can contribute to developing living materials that can serve in places like Mars. The exploration of shape memory and the self-repairing properties of spider silk and mussels, as well as the investigation of sensing-actuating and sensing-camouflage mechanisms in Banksias, chameleons, and moths, holds significant potential for the optimization of soft robot designs. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of mussel and gecko adhesion mechanisms can have a profound impact on medical fields, including tissue engineering and drug delivery. In conclusion, the integration of structure and function is crucial for driving innovations and breakthroughs in modern engineering materials and their applications. The gaps between current biomimetic designs and natural organisms are also discussed.
现代材料设计旨在通过整合各种结构来实现多功能性，从而产生具有嵌入式功能的简单材料。生物材料和生物体就是这一概念的典型例子，它们通过有限的材料基础实现了复杂的功能。本综述重点介绍了代表性天然生物体和材料以及仿生实例的多尺度结构和功能整合。螳螂虾和铁甲虫在捕食或抵抗过程中表现出的抗冲击、耐磨和抗压性能，为航空航天领域结构材料的开发提供了宝贵的灵感。研究在极端环境中茁壮成长的蓝细菌有助于开发可在火星等地使用的活性材料。对蜘蛛丝和贻贝的形状记忆及自我修复特性的探索，以及对山龙眼、变色龙和飞蛾的传感驱动和传感伪装机制的研究，对优化软机器人设计具有巨大潜力。此外，深入了解贻贝和壁虎的粘附机制会对包括组织工程和药物递送在内的医学领域产生深远影响。总之，结构与功能的整合对于推动现代工程材料及其应用的创新和突破至关重要。文中还讨论了当前仿生设计与天然生物体之间的差距。
